The concept of decolonization of trauma has intrigued researchers for years due to its prolonged effect on personal and cultural levels. The process of intellectual decolonization involves defensive survival mechanisms, such as cultural rituals using traditional practices, nostalgic dialogues that idealize memories and recollections, and conversations about identity to navigate postcolonial trauma displacement. Symbolic connections evoke strong emotional responses, bridging the gap between the characters‘ physical dislocation and their imaginary homeland. Cocooning identity represents a space where a multidimensional self emerges—one that holds the victim of trauma, the survivor who endures, and the narrator, who constructs an idealized self. This process allows the individual to celebrate the deconstruction and reconstruction of a more ethical and critical way to assess his reaffirmed identity and his sense of belongingness. It provides a framework that enables the traumatized person to engage with others without losing his own cultural identity, while also embracing a revised and transformed identity—one that is dynamic and not fixed. The study deals with the mental praxis results from disruptive experiences of trauma which led the individual to emotional disturbance, shame, a sense of guilt, fragmentation, and flashbacks. It aims to explore the process of intellectual decolonization, which involves deconstructing all kinds of hegemonic colonial authority and dominance. It advocates for a thorough and clear understanding of trauma, specifically by examining the concept of decolonizing trauma as explored by post-colonial playwrights from various countries. An examination will be conducted to understand the fundamental nature of both the suffering and the process of healing by exploring the particular traumas that motivate storytelling. The study aims to explore how the characters successfully protect their identity in order to III facilitate a healthy recovery from post traumatic stress disorder resulting from their past traumatic experiences. The emphasis is on the theoretical frameworks that will be employed to analyze the chosen plays. The first chapter is an introduction exploring post-colonialism as a theory that focuses on identity, specifically trauma identity theories and research. Furthermore, it provides a historical framework for the cultural environment in which the selected literary writings are situated. The second chapter focuses on the USA's "War on Terrorism" in Iraq and the traumatic consequences of media deception and the sectarian war on the social fabric of Iraqi society. This is explored through two Iraqi playwrights: Rasha Fadhil (1975- ) in Ishtar in Baghdad (2003) and the Iraqi-American playwright; Heather Raffo (1970- )in Noura (2018). The third chapter examines the numerous traumas tackled in the Palestinian Theatre. It focuses on Tennis in Nablus (2010) by Ismail Khalidi (1982- ), a Palestinian American playwright. It also examines And here I am (2017) by Hassan Abdulrazzak (1973- ), an Iraqi American writer. The fourth chapter focuses on the trauma experienced by Arab immigrants in Europe and their struggle with sentiments of indecency and a sense of not quite fitting into either culture, as depicted in the works of two Egyptian playwrights. It delves into Ten Acrobats in an Amazing Leap of Faith (2006) by Yussef El Guindi (1960- ). Then it examines Sister Radio (2020) by Sara Shaarawi (1989- ), a Scotland-based Cairo-born playwright. The conclusion sums up the findings of the study
Henrik Ibsen is considered one of the greatest writers on society and its problems in the modern era, as his works deal with society in all its forms in a realistic way, in which he presents the motives and consequences of social problems and their impact on society to study these problems through them to and propose solutions through theatre. Most of his writings were very serious about addressing these social issues. The method of collecting information in the study came through reviewing a group of sources related to realistic theater and social theory, then reading the plays covered in a critical and analytical reading. Based on that, the method of writing this study came and used a group of sources that directly relate to the s
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Nowadays, the ideas of integrating the concepts of the environment and saving it are being famous. These ideas are widely seen in many fields of study, and language education is one of them. Thus, the identity of English Language teachers (ELT) is a step toward transferring this concept in EFL materials in ELT departments. The EFL teacher's identity takes different meanings. Sometimes, it only means the teacher who teaches the English language, and other times, it means, the cultural and social aspects that the teacher and students interact during the study course. These cultural and social aspects represent the environment in teacher’s identity. This study aims to explore the environmental identity within EFL teacher identity. The sam
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Stylistics is the analysis of the language of literary texts integrated within various approaches to create a framework of different devices that describe and distinct a particular work. Therefore, feminist stylistics relied on theories of feminist criticism tries to present a counter- image of a woman both in language use and society, to draw attention , raise awareness and change ways that gender represents. Feminist stylistic analysis is related not only to describe sexism in a text, but also to analyze the way that point of view, agency, metaphor, and transitivity choices are unanticipatedly and carefully connected to issues of gender(Mills,1995:1) &nb
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Background: Saliva is one of the most important etiological host factors in relation to dental caries. It affects the carious process by its organic and inorganic constituents; in addition to its physiological functions as (flow rate, pH and buffer capacity). The aims of this study were to determine the concentrations of major elements (calcium and phosphorus) and trace elements (ferrous iron, nickel, chromium and aluminum) in saliva among a group of adolescent girls, and to explore the relation of these elements, flow rate and pH with dental caries. Material & Methods: The study group consisted of 25 girls with an age of 13-15 years old. Dental caries was diagnosed by both clinical and radiographical examinations following the criteria of
... Show MoreGreat authors have a reputation for being reluctant political allies. They adamantly insist on focusing on aspects of life that no ideologist ever bothers to address. Life never exactly conforms to doctrine, and their art appears to defy ideology completely or subversively in order to find methods to break free from its shackles. Woolf's attitude toward feminism provides readers with an essential example of this resistance. Though Virginia Woolf was extremely concerned about the difficulties of women, particularly literary women, she often disliked being associated with feminists. Instead, she pushes for the transcendence of sexual roles, urging readers to go beyond gender to gain a better knowledge of human existence. Woolf's thesi
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This study aims at describing the identity crisis of Diaspora people (Arab -American) in "Laila Halaby's" novel "Once in A promise Land". Halaby tackles the issues of racism, exclusion, and instability of identity that affect the Arab American community after the terrorist event of eleventh of September. She sheds light on the experiences of her significant characters Salwa and Jassim in America, clarifying how this event weakened their social position and turns their presence in America questionable. "Halaby" describes the bitterness of her characters who are induced into a dream of belonging to a land that transcends their original culture and religious values as well as their language. "Halaby" explains the subsistence in America involvi
... Show MoreThe danger of the attacks of 9/11 in America, mainly on the WorldTrade Center at Ground Zero, had brought America into a position thatnever seen before. People who lived there faced a historical calamity marked a turning point in history and a beginning of a new era. Thepaper examines the behavior of traumatized individuals in relation tosociety that trauma involves both. The socio cultural approach willachieve the goal. It studied the responses of the individuals to the event and the motives behind these reactions. Don DeLillo, a member of apost 9/11 group of writers, an American novelist of Italian origin, through his portrayal of the characters, tries to present a vivid image t
... Show MoreThe dramatic series on television have a great impact on people’sattitudes towards dialects of language varieties, by relating theconceptual pictures or prototypes presented by series’ characters tothose dialects. This study aims to show the influence of TV series onIraqi university learners’ gender and age in relating positive ornegative semantic qualities to their dialects. To this end, 150 Iraqi EFLlearners have participated in this study to examine their attitudestowards Baghdadi, Mousli and Nasiriya dialects. The data arecollected by Lambert, Hodgson, Gardner, Fillenbaum's (1960)matched guise technique and then labeled by Willmorth’s (1988)subjective reaction test. A structured interview is conducted to supportthe data
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Evidences indicate that human beings were preoccupied with extreme forms of mental and psychic experiences long before they were recorded in literature. Greek myths and legends appear to include symbolizations of delusions, mania, and other bizarre forms of thought and behaviuor. The figure of the mad man or woman is analogous to the wild man, or the imaginary being who appears in various forms throughout western literature and art. Various studies refer to the notion of the wild man as a response to a persistent psychological urge. This urge gives an external expression and a valid form to the impulses of reckless physical self-assertion which is believed to be hidden in all of us, but is normally kept under control. Such impulses were exp
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