Background: Diabetes mellitus a major factor that has adverse effects on the vascular system and the heart. It causes an increase in cardiac muscle thickness, resulting in decreased compliance and increased peripheral arterial stiffness. This study aims to assess the left ventricular mass (LVM) and left ventricular hemodynamic changes in diabetic patients measured by Doppler echocardiography. Patients and Methods: The study included 50 diabetic patients ranging in age between 25 and 80 years, (mean age: 54.1 ± 15.10, 19 males, 31 females) and 50 healthy subjects, aged 25 to 80 years (mean age: 48.52 ± 14.45, 11 males, 39 females). Doppler echocardiography was used to assess left ventricular function. The measurements included posterior wall thickness at diastole (PWTd), interventricular septum thickness at diastole (IVSTd), left ventricular diameter at the end of diastole (LVIDd), left ventricular diameter at the end of systole (LVIDs), peak velocity at atrial contraction (A), early peak velocity (E), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF%), left ventricular mass (LVM), and relative wall thickness (RWT). Results: The data showed that changes in E/A differences between diabetic patients and controls for age ranges 25 to 50 and 60 to 80 years were -24.60% and -31.93% (p < 0.05). There were non-significant differences in the LVIDd/LVIDs ratio between diabetic patients and controls for both age groups: 1.31% and 6.25%, respectively. For 25- to 50-year olds, the changes in RWT and LVM were 50% and 74.43%, respectively (p < 0.05), while the differences in RWT and LVM for 60- to 80-year olds were 48.71% and 70.06%, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that diastolic dysfunction may be higher in diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects, which may be due to adverse influence of diabetes on cardiac muscle. These changes in left ventricular structure may include LV hypertrophy, increase in stiffness, and reduction in compliance, with increase in left ventricular mass, relative wall thickness, posterior wall thickness at diastole, and interventricular septum thickness at diastole.
Stick- slip is the continuous stopping& release of the Bit/BHA due to the irregular down-hole rotation prompted by the existing relationship between the friction torque and the torque applied from the surface to free the bit.
Friction coefficient between BHA and wellbore is the main player of stick slip amount, which can be mitigated by support a good lubricators as additives in drilling mud.
Mathematical (or empirical) solves should be done through adjusting all parameters which supposed to reduce stick- slip as low as possible using different models, one of the main parameters is drilling mud. As per Nanoparticles drilling fluid is a new technology that offers high performance
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The formation of the identity of the ego associates with adolescence and the beginnings of youth, where represents the basic requirement for growth. This stage reflects a turning point towards the necessary autonomy for the growth of normal in adulthood that needs the ego growth from his point of view to pass eight consecutive stages of the individual faces in each particular crisis. It is determined by its growth path depending on the nature of solved positively or negatively, influenced by several factors: biological, social, cultural, personal, and a dogmatic obstacle to personal thinking which refers to the kind of sclerotic thought a bigot to the inside of obsolete beliefs refuse to discuss and consider. The final idea is debatable
... Show MoreBackground: Patients with decompensated cirrhosis are often given therapeutic and prophylactic drugs. Polypharmacy raises both the likelihood of prescription errors and the complications associated with drugs. Clinical pharmacists are excellent at recognizing, addressing, and preventing clinically significant drug-related problems.
Objectives: Identification types of pharmacist interventions to address drug-related problems in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and assess the acceptance/implementation of these recommendations. And identify patient factors associated with accepting pharmacist recommend
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The behavior of thinking is consider one of the modern concepts that appear in the last 20 years, this concept has attracted the attention of psychologists and researchers for thinking has a great role in many fields like teaching ,educational,economical,cultural and social fields.
One of thinking manner is imaginal thinking that has a great role in human civilization. imaginal thinking lead to innovation ,poems, inventions and arts. imaginal thinkingled to highscores in talented schools by escalating their thinking range and solving problems that consider one of organized and free assumption thinking.
The development of problems thinking strategies reflect the development of organized brain process ability.
That studies assumes
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BACKGROUND: Idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia purpura is an autoimmune bleeding disorder that accounts for approximately one-third of clinical hemorrhagic diseases. Pathophysiologically, it involves a complicated imbalance in the immune system. OBJECTIVES: This study focuses on evaluating the levels of the immunomodulatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-35, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF)-β in patients with refractory idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia undergoing treatment with romiplostim. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study encompassed 78 individuals with idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia and conducted measurements of different immunomodulatory cytokines in response to different responses of idiopath
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Background: Depression, a state of low mood and aversion to activity, can affect people's thoughts, behavior, tendencies, feelings, and sense of well-being. It can either be short-term or long-term, depending on the severity of the person's condition. Risk factors include personal or family history of depression, major life changes, trauma, stress, certain physical illnesses, and medications.
Objective: This study investigates the prevalence of depression among medical students at the University of Baghdad, college of medicine in Iraq, and the association between some variables and depression.
Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study design with a convenience sampling method was conducted.
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Objective: The study aims to determine the effect of Toxoplasma gondii infection on the
genetic sequence of breast cancer patients in the Medical City Hospital – Tumor Unit /
Iraq-Baghdad.
Methodology: A study was carried out in the City of Medicine / Oncology Unit / Baghdad,
during the period 1st June 2016 to 15
th March 2017. Forty samples of tissue and serum
were collected from patients who complaining from Breast cancer and infected with
Toxoplasmosis. Forty sera samples were taken from patients complaining from parasitic
infection only; without breast cancer as control group. Data is analyzed by using of
descriptive and inferential data analysis methods.
Results: The results show that there is an effe
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