Objective: In this work we design and evaluate a bidirectional pneumatic soft actuator made from silicone rubber (RTV2 C10) for the use in prosthetic hand. The actuator aimed to enhance flexibility and provide motion in two directions that mimic the actions of the human fingers. Materials and Methods: Two parallel air chambers are used in the actuator design where each chamber is divided into smaller internal cavities. These chambers are linked through a narrow connecting channel. The fabrication process relied on a molding technique based on 3D printed molds. Three separate mold components were designed and printed to allow accurate casting of silicone rubber into the desired shape. The completed actuators were then tested using an experimental setup. Results: We evaluate the performance of the developed actuators by measuring the maximum bending angle and output force under various air pressures. Three air-chamber dimensions (3.5 mm, 4.5 mm, and 5.5 mm) were tested to compare the actuator’s response. We noticed that the 5.5 mm chamber produced the largest bending angle whereas the 3.5 mm chamber showed the smallest. On the other hand, force analysis revealed that the actuator with 3.5 mm spacing generated the highest output force at an air pressure of 102 kPa and the 5.5 mm model returned the lowest under the same conditions. Discussion: The findings suggest that increasing the distance between air chambers enhances bending and overall flexibility where it indicates that shorter chamber spacing raises greater force. Conclusion: The developed actuator demonstrates promising properties for use in prosthetic hand designs. The bending range and force output enable the actuator for producing human-like finger motion that used in assistive robotic applications.
Infrared photoconductive detectors working in the far-infrared region and room temperature were fabricated. The detectors were fabricated using three types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs); MWCNTs, COOH-MWCNTs, and short-MWCNTs. The carbon nontubes suspension is deposited by dip coating and drop–casting techniques to prepare thin films of CNTs. These films were deposited on porous silicon (PSi) substrates of n-type Si. The I-V characteristics and the figures of merit of the fabricated detectors were measured at a forward bias voltage of 3 and 5 volts as well as at dark and under illumination by IR radiation from a CO2 laser of 10.6 μm wavelengths and power of 2.2 W. The responsivity and figures of merit of the photoconductive detector
... Show MoreThis work intends to develop an effective heavy metal-free modifier having properties comparable to traditional stabilizers and flame retardants, simultaneously being environmentally friendly and may be superior in many aspects. The important requirement focused on is: how to increase thermal stability and flame retardancy of flexible poly(vinyl chloride). Due to the typical materials now used with poly(vinyl chloride), which increases health and environmental concerns, utilizing a novel heavy metal-free additive will make poly(vinyl chloride) substantially safer. We have used an artificial silicate for this aim, which proved to be an efficient flame retardant and surprisingly showed excellent heat stabilizing effect. Thermal stabi
... Show MoreAim of the study: Using surface roughness and tensile bond strength tests, the objective of this investigation was to ascertain the impact of laser surface modification on the binding strength of injectable thermoplastic acrylic denture base material to acrylic-based soft-liner material. Materials and methods: Acrylic base soft liner material was bonded to injectable thermoplastic acrylic resin (Deflex). Forty specimens were created (20 disc, 20 dumbbells) 10 of each specimen type as control specimens, and 10 were treated with nano pulse Nd: YAG laser. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and unpaired t-test (a=.05) and the roughness test was performed utilizing a double column universal test machine. Results: Compar
... Show MoreKriging, a geostatistical technique, has been used for many years to evaluate groundwater quality. The best estimation data for unsampled points were determined by using this method depending on measured variables for an area. The groundwater contaminants assessment worldwide was found through many kriging methods. The present paper shows a review of the most known methods of kriging that were used in estimating and mapping the groundwater quality. Indicator kriging, simple kriging, cokriging, ordinary kriging, disjunctive kriging and lognormal kriging are the most used techniques. In addition, the concept of the disjunctive kriging method was explained in this work to be easily understood.
In this work, the design and implementation of a smart energy metering system has been developed. This system consists of two parts: billing center and a set of distributed smart energy meters. The function of smart energy meter is measuring and calculating the cost of consumed energy according to a multi-tariff scheme. This can be effectively solving the problem of stressing the electrical grid and rising consumer awareness. Moreover, smart energy meter decreases technical losses by improving power factor. The function of the billing center is to issue a consumer bill and contributes in locating the irregularities on the electrical grid (non-technical losses). Moreover, it sends the switch off command in case of the consumer bill is not
... Show MoreMagneto-rheological (MR) Valve is one of the devices generally used to control the speed of Hydraulic actuator using MR fluid. The performance of valve depends on the magnetic circuit design. Present study deals with a new design of MR valve. The finite element analysis is carried out on this valve to optimize its design. The design of the magnetic circuit is accomplished by magnetic finite element software such as Finite Element Method Magnetic (FEMM). The Model dimensions of MR valve, material properties and the circuit properties of valve coil are taken into account. The results of analysis are presented in terms of magnetic strength and magnetic flux density. The valve can be operated with variable flow rate by varying the current. It i
... Show MorePlaying is the only common language among children in every place and time, to the fact that what distinguishes the children is their quest to play and fun way innate, not acquired, which is expressed with the child really is one of the rights. And play a key entrance to the growth of the child mentally, intellectually and cognitively and not for the child emotionally and socially just. In the play the child begins to identify and classify objects and learn concepts and circulate among themselves on a linguistic basis. Activity here and play a major role in leading the linguistic development of the child in the composition has the communication skills.
The Games (especially intellectual ones) Whatever the cause of the development
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