Objective: In this work we design and evaluate a bidirectional pneumatic soft actuator made from silicone rubber (RTV2 C10) for the use in prosthetic hand. The actuator aimed to enhance flexibility and provide motion in two directions that mimic the actions of the human fingers. Materials and Methods: Two parallel air chambers are used in the actuator design where each chamber is divided into smaller internal cavities. These chambers are linked through a narrow connecting channel. The fabrication process relied on a molding technique based on 3D printed molds. Three separate mold components were designed and printed to allow accurate casting of silicone rubber into the desired shape. The completed actuators were then tested using an experimental setup. Results: We evaluate the performance of the developed actuators by measuring the maximum bending angle and output force under various air pressures. Three air-chamber dimensions (3.5 mm, 4.5 mm, and 5.5 mm) were tested to compare the actuator’s response. We noticed that the 5.5 mm chamber produced the largest bending angle whereas the 3.5 mm chamber showed the smallest. On the other hand, force analysis revealed that the actuator with 3.5 mm spacing generated the highest output force at an air pressure of 102 kPa and the 5.5 mm model returned the lowest under the same conditions. Discussion: The findings suggest that increasing the distance between air chambers enhances bending and overall flexibility where it indicates that shorter chamber spacing raises greater force. Conclusion: The developed actuator demonstrates promising properties for use in prosthetic hand designs. The bending range and force output enable the actuator for producing human-like finger motion that used in assistive robotic applications.
Dyes are extensively water-soluble and toxic chemicals. The disposing of wastewater rich with such chemicals has severely impacted surface water quality (rivers and lakes). In the current study, an anionic dye, methyl orange, were extracted from wastewater fluids using bulk liquid membranes supplemented with an anionic carrier (Aliquat 336 (QCI)). Parameters including solvent type (carbon tetrachloride and chloroform), membrane stirring speed (100-250 rpm), mixing speed of both phases (50-100 rpm), The feed pH (2-12) and implemented temperature (35-60 °C) were thoroughly analyzed to determine the effect of such variables on extraction effectiveness. Furthermore, the effect of methyl orange (10-50 ppm) in the feed stage and NaOH (0
... Show MoreThe engagement of pharmacists in research activities is pivotal in the advancement of the pharmacy practice. The study aims to evaluate the confidence and competence of Malaysian hospital pharmacists in conducting clinical and practice-based research.
A cross-sectional study was carried out between September 2019 and April 2020 using an online survey. Pharmacists from eight different hospitals in Malaysia were involved in the study. The survey link was sent to all pharmacists of the included hospitals via email. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25.
A total of 226 pharmacists participated in this study, and their average age was 28 years old. About 82 % of the participants reported that they did not have any previous re
... Show MoreTo evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of three minimally invasive (MI) techniques in removing deep dentin carious lesions. Forty extracted carious molars were treated by conventional rotary excavation (control), chemomechanical caries removal agent (Brix 3000), ultrasonic abrasion (WOODPECKER, GUILIN, China); and Er, Cr: YSGG laser ablation (BIOLASE San Clemente, CA, USA). The assessments include; the excavation time, DIAGNOdent pen, Raman spectroscopy, Vickers microhardness, and scanning electron microscope combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX). The rotary method recorded the shortest excavation time (p < 0.001), Brix 3000 gel was the slowest. DIAGNOdent pen va
This work aimed to prepare and study the characteristic feature of lead nanoparticles (PbNPS) and follow its effects on some physiological aspects in rats.PbNPS was prepared by laser ablation of pure lead mass with a pulse of 500 and 100 mJ of energy. The results indicated that the wavelength was approximately 196 and the concentration was reported at 53,8967 mg / L. AFM, as the average diameter has been estimated at 69.93 nm. EFSEM shows the spherical shape of the particle.The experimental animals (rats) were divided into two groups, with seven rats for each one. The first group was a control and the second group was injected with 1 milliliter of PbNPS (53.8673 mg/l) per day for 45 days. Bioaccumulated lead ( in liver, spleen kidney and
... Show MoreThis study seeks to identify the possibility of achieving the property of faithful representation of accounting information and measure it by using the standard approach based on mathematical and statistical equations by comparing two financial periods before and after the application of (IFRS-15) Revenue from contracts with customers, during the period. (2014-2018), for the financial statements of the mixed joint stock companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, which is one of the main pillars of the economic structure of the country, as a joint investment between the state and the private sector, and has importance in many aspects, including support for projects of public companies, S Absorption and employment of labor, as well as ra
... Show MoreAn experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effect of AL-coholic extract alkaloid of Cordia myxa leafs in fourth larval stage of lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica. Using alkaline extracts of 8%, the study has been shown clear effect increased in mortality rate for fourth larval stage 93.3% and degressed to 66.6% at 4% concentrate to 13.3% with control treatment .Ahigher percentage of pupal mortality 16.6% at 4% concentrate has been observed, while no natural emergence carried out at concentrates of 4.6% comparing with control treatment of 86.66%, at the same time percentage of deformation has been increased to 16.66% at 4% of extracts and degressed to 6.66% at 6% while no deformation have been shown with control treatment .
... Show MoreThis paper is a review of the genus Sitta in Iraq, Five species of this genus are recognized
Sitta kurdistanica, S. neumayr, S. europaea, S.dresseri and S. tephronota. Geographical
distribution and systematic nots were given for separation and identification, also some notes
on nest building and nest sites of S. tephronota supporting by figures are presented.
Preparing teacher occupies the attention of many thinkers and philosophers since the age of
kaldinics ( people of mesoptam / 2342 pH ) to the Islamic age where moslems philosophers
focus their attention on thought and philosophy where the philosophy of that teaching
depends on : teacher , student and family begin .
So , the issue of preparing and training teacher occupies the attention of education scientists
depending on his vital and important role in implementing of teaching policies in philosophies
and Islamic educational thought , therefore , the preparing and development of the teacher
regards as one of the basics of teaching development because of its importance in
development of teaching performance and th