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Investigation of phase change characteristics for refrigerant R-134a flow in a double pipe heat exchanger with the use of thermal non-equilibrium model
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Almost all thermal systems utilize some type of heat exchanger. In a lot of cases, evaporators are important for systems like organic Rankine cycle systems. Evaporators give a share in a large portion of the capital cost, and their cost is significantly attached to their size or transfer area. Open-cell metal foams with high porosity are taken into consideration to enhance thermal performance without increase the size of heat exchangers. Numerous researchers have tried to find a representation of the temperature distribution closer to reality due to the different properties between the liquid and solid phases. Evaporation heat transfer in an annular pipe of double pipe heat exchanger (DPHEX) filled with cooper foam is investigated numerically with utilizing the local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) model. Warm water with constant inlet conditions flows in the inner pipe while R143a is used as cooling fluid in the annular pipe. The effects of pores per inch (PPI), mass flux of R134a and copper foam porosity on solid and fluid temperatures, liquid saturation and heat transfer coefficient are analysed and illustrated. Forchheimer-extended Darcy flow model is utilized with the adopting of the two-phase mixture model (TPMM). The governing equations in two-dimensional steady state regime were written in LTNE model. These equations were discretized using the finite volume method and a MATLAB program was built to solve these equations with its initial and boundary conditions. The obtained data illustrates that LTNE effect in metal foam is important for lower porosity, lower pore density and higher mass flux. The ratio of liquid will arrive its lowest value at the outlet, and it decreases with PPI increase and it increases with porosity and mass flux increase. The mean heat transfer coefficient approximately doubled when PPI increased from 10 to 50 and it increased by 70% when porosity decreased from 0.95 to 0.85.

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Chemical And Process Engineering Research
Synthesis and Characterization of Gelatin-G-Poly (Acryloyl Amide) Proflavine and Controlled Release Study
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Gelatin-grafted N- proflavine acryl amide was synthesized through two steps; firstly the Gelatin was grafted with acrylic acid free radically using Ammonium per-sulfate at 60℃, Then it was modified to its corresponding acyl chloride derivation, second step included the substitution with amino group of proflavine, in this research Gelatin was used as a natural nontoxic, water soluble polymer as a drug carrier. The prepared pro drug polymer was characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies, Controlled drug release was studied in different pH values at 37℃. Many advantages were obtained comparing with other known methods.

Publication Date
Tue Nov 06 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Factors Affecting Birth Space Interval of Women Who Are Attending Primary Health Care Centers
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Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting birth space interval in a sample of women.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted in primary health centers in Al-Tahade and Al- Shak Omar in
Baghdad city. Data were collected by direct interview using questionnaire especially prepared for the study.
Sample size was (415) women in age group (20-40) years who were chosen randomly.
Results: Analysis of data shows highest rate of women (31.8%) had a birth space interval of (8-12) months
followed by (26.7%) had a birth space interval of (19-24) months, (20.2%) had a birth space interval of (>24)
months and (16.1%) had a birth space interval of (13-18) months respectively, while lower rate of w

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery
Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis by topical 25% podophyllin solution (single, blinded, therapeutic, controlled study)
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KE Sharquie, AA Noaimi, AG Al-Ghazzi, Journal of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery, 2015 - Cited by 19

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Publication Date
Sat May 30 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Assessment of bone density after six months from dental implants placement using Computed Tomography
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Background: Determination of local bone mineral density (BMD) immediately after implant insertion play an important role in implant success rate, may offer comprehensive description of the bone, and give enough information to the surgeon prior to implant insertion and at follow up status. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the changes of local bone density in the dental implant recipient sites by using computerized tomography. Material and method: The sample consisted of (20) dental implants recipient sites, bone density assessment was done twice, immediately after implants insertion and after six months. Results: The mean HU of the bone around the implant insertion site, immediately after implant placement was 552.28 HU, and inc

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 02 2010
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Bearing capacity of square footing on geogrid reinforced loose sand to resist eccentric load
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This research presents and discuss the results of experimental investigation carried out on geogrids model to study the behavior of geogrid in the loose sandy soil. The effect of location eccentricity, depth of first layer of reinforcement, vertical spacing, number and type of reinforcement layers have been investigated. The results indicated that the percentage of bearing improvement a bout (22 %) at number of reinforced layers N=1 and about (47.5%) at number of reinforced layers N=2 for different Eccentricity values when depth ratio and vertical spacing between layers are (0.5B and 0.75B) respectively

Publication Date
Thu Jul 01 2021
Journal Name
Diyala Journal For Pure Science
Survey of Air Quality and Health Risk Assessment Around East Baghdad Oil Field, Iraq
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Air pollution evaluation of the operational processes in the East Baghdad oil field was carried out. The analysis was carried out by ICP-MS technique. Total Suspended Particles (TSP) air load was higher than Iraqi Standards and world international allowable limits of World Health Organization. The mean concentrations of gases carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, in the air were within national and world standards, while the mean concentration of nitrogen dioxide was higher than standard limits. The air of the study area is considered a good quality for CO, CO2 and NO2 with no health effect, while it is hazardous for TSP that have serious risk for people with respiratory disease. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu and

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Publication Date
Wed May 29 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Synthesis and characterization of Iron tungstate oxide films by advanced controlled spray pyrolysis technique
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For the first time Iron tungstate semiconductor oxides films (FeWO4) was successfully synthesized simply by advanced controlled chemical spray pyrolysis technique, via employed double nozzle instead of single nozzle using tungstic acid and iron nitrate solutions at three different compositions and spray separately at same time on heated silicone (n-type) substrate at 600 °C, followed by annealing treatment for one hour at 500 °C. The crystal structure, microstructure and morphology properties of prepared films were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), electron Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) respectively. According to characterization techniques, a material of well-crystallized monoclinic ph

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Publication Date
Tue May 29 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Scientific Research
Synthesis and characterization of substituted 1, 2,4-triazole and their derivatives on poly ethylene
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Abstract New derivatives of 1,2,4- triazole , 1,2,4-triazole -3-one and 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione were obtained through this research. Acid hydrazide derivative was present from reaction of poly acryloyl chloride with hydrazine hydrate in presence of DMF as a solvent then reacted with benzonitrile and its derivatives to give 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. After that reaction of poly acryloyl chloride with semicarbazide and semithiocarbazide to form semicarbazone and semithiocarbazone derivatives respectively. Finally, closing of semicarbazone and semithiocarbazone derivatives with 2% NaOH gave 1,2,4-triazole -3-one and 1,2,4-triazole-4-thione derivatives respectively. These new synthesized products have been characterized by infrared, 1 H-n

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Solution of Nonlinear High Order Multi-Point Boundary Value Problems By Semi-Analytic Technique
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In this paper, we present new algorithm for the solution of the nonlinear high order multi-point boundary value problem with suitable multi boundary conditions. The algorithm is based on the semi-analytic technique and the solutions are calculated in the form of a rapid convergent series. It is observed that the method gives more realistic series solution that converges very rapidly in physical problems. Illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the efficiency and simplicity of the proposed method in solving this type of multi- point boundary value problems.

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2021
Journal Name
Indonesian Journal Of Electrical Engineering And Computer Science
Comparative study of logistic regression and artificial neural networks on predicting breast cancer cytology
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<p>Currently, breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and a main reason of women death worldwide particularly in<strong> </strong>developing countries such as Iraq. our work aims to predict the type of tumor whether benign or malignant through models that were built using logistic regression and neural networks and we hope it will help doctors in detecting the type of breast tumor. Four models were set using binary logistic regression and two different types of artificial neural networks namely multilayer perceptron MLP and radial basis function RBF. Evaluation of validated and trained models was done using several performance metrics like accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC (area under receiver ope

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