Over the course of two centuries, Portugal emerged as one of the most powerful European empires, with colonies stretching from Asia and Africa to Brazil. A significant factor in this expansion was the role of winds, which carried one of Cabral’s ships westward, landing unexpectedly on unknown shores—the Brazilian coasts. These territories later became some of Portugal’s richest and most important colonies. Therefore, the study begins in the 16th century and concludes at the end of the 17th century. The study was divided into four sections. The first section addressed Portugal's discovery 0022 of Brazil and its naming before it gained economic importance. The second section discussed the Portuguese occupation of Brazil in 1530 and its administrative division. The third section addressed the economic effects of Portuguese colonialism in Brazil and the economic interests and development of the Portuguese economy that resulted from the occupation. The fourth section addressed the cultural and social effects that resulted from this occupation, including the formation of a new society based on marital relationships, the emergence of a new element in Brazilian society from the native-born, and the cultural impact of missionary missions on society, which created the spread of schools and universities and the construction of new cities. The study relied primarily on the documentary book "EARLY BRAZIL: A Documentary Collection to 1700," an important book that informed the study in most of its sections, particularly the second section on the importance of the division of Brazil after its discovery, the third section on the economic repercussions, and the fourth section on the social effects. The study also relied on the book "The Portuguese Overseas as Expansion (1415-1825)," which informed the second and third sections on administrative divisions and how to manage provinces, as well as the beginnings of economic exploitation of timber, dyes, and sugar cultivation. The study also relied on websites and other foreign and Arabic books.
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Background: In recent years, the prevalence of obesity has climbed sharply. Still, only a few safe and effective medications are approved as weight-loss drugs. Objective: This study aims to assess the knowledge and practice of community pharmacists in Iraq regarding the use of Liraglutide and Semaglutide as weight-loss medications. Method: A cross-sectional survey was implemented using a validated questionnaire and a convenient sample of Iraqi community pharmacists from different governorates. The questionnaire was created after conducting a literature review of the most important articles about liraglutide and semaglutide. The questionnaire consists of three sections. The first part was used to collect demographic information. The second a
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This paper critically looks at the studies that investigated the Social Network Sites in the Arab region asking whether they made a practical addition to the field of information and communication sciences or not. The study tried to lift the ambiguity of the variety of names, as well as the most important theoretical and methodological approaches used by these studies highlighting its scientific limitations. The research discussed the most important concepts used by these studies such as Interactivity, Citizen Journalism, Public Sphere, and Social Capital and showed the problems of using them because each concept comes out of a specific view to these websites. The importation of these concepts from a cultural and social context to an Ara
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In the Rumaila oilfields in southern Iraq, the Zubair Formation was deposited in a shallow environment as three main facies, delta plain, backshore, and delta front depositional conditions indicating a transition from delta front and delta plain to a highstand level due to the finning upward mode. The facies of the Zubair clasts show well-sorted quartz arenite sandstone, poorly sorted quartz arenite sandstone, clayey sandstone that has not been properly sorted, sandy shale, and shale lithofacies. The minor lithofacies were identified using well-logging methods (gamma ray, spontaneous potential and sonic logs) and petrography. The Zubair clasts are of transition environment that appears to be transported from freshwater and deposited
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Summary:This article discusses the topic of phraseological units with the names of wild animals in the Russian and Arabic languages in the aspect of their comparative semantic and cultural analysis, since a comparative analysis of the meanings of phraseological units of the Arabic and Russian languages, detection of coincidences and differences in the compared languages, is an important method for studying linguoculturology, since phraseological units represent a reflection of culture in the language
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This research aims to test the relationship between "relational leadership as an independent variable and organizational energy as a dependent variable. The current research variables are among the recent and important variables for the development of organizations, and for the purpose of explaining the relationship and influence between the variables, a set of goals has been formulated, including providing the interested and scientific and theoretical information explaining the nature of the variables The research, and the extent to which its causes are reflected in the research sample to increase the interest of the research organization’s organization and make it more appropriate to the required performance in light of a cha
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