Based on the German language department’s theoretical and practical aspects as well as educational programs, the present study discusses the semantic relations in text sentences and their role in the science of translation.  Through clarifying the semantic relationship between the text sentence and the methods used to express a news item, a situation or an occurrence and through the statement of the multiple theoretical semantic structures of the text’s construction and interrelation, a translator can easily translate a text into the target language.

        It is known that language learners face multiple difficulties in writing and creating an inte

The mysterious letters, the philosophy of existence and the meaning of these letters in the Qur'an is one of the mysterious issues that has always occupied the minds of Interpreters. Each Interpreter has tried to provide his own interpretation and understanding of these mysterious letters. Since these letters are part of the surah of the Qur'an and at the same time, the appearance of these letters, unlike other verses, does not indicate meaning, the commentators have approached these verses with their preconceptions. In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the role of pre-interpreters of descriptors in a descriptive and analytical method in finding the meaning of syllables. However, each of them has tried to interpret th

عرض كتاب المدخل الى دراسة الاستراتيجية

Many Iraqi students are reluctant to actively participate in the English
language classroom. This reluctance is attributed to a number of factors, above which
is students' lack of thinking skills necessary to express their points of view. This
eventually results in passive learning, a real problem in English language learning in
Iraq.
A need for educational reforms and innovations seems essential. These involve
developing relevant teaching materials, adopting learner-centered approach,
promoting learner autonomy, and enhancing critical thinking.
This study is hoped to assist teachers of English to initiate change and foster
the expansion of thinking, and adopt various new strategies to increase classroom
par

Many Iraqi students are reluctant to actively participate in the English
language classroom. This reluctance is attributed to a number of factors, above which
is students' lack of thinking skills necessary to express their points of view. This
eventually results in passive learning, a real problem in English language learning in
Iraq.
A need for educational reforms and innovations seems essential. These involve
developing relevant teaching materials, adopting learner-centered approach,
promoting learner autonomy, and enhancing critical thinking.
This study is hoped to assist teachers of English to initiate change and foster
the expansion of thinking, and adopt various new strategies to increase classroom
par

Writing in English language demands both mental skills and a suitable level of language proficiency. Some studies showed that writing anxiety has an impact on the acquisition of language learning. This study; however, teaches the cognitive strategies (PLAY & WRITE) as a writing strategy, so as to decrease students’ use of it when experiencing writing anxiety at the academic writing level. The sample has been (100) second-stage Department of English learners at the College of Education (Ibn –Rushd), in the University of Baghdad-Iraq. They have been randomly selected and divided into experimental and control groups; (50) students in each group. To achieve the objective of the study, SLWAI questionnaire has been distributed to the e

العراق في مواجهة متطلبات الانضمام الى منظمة التجارة العالمية

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Data-driven models perform poorly on part-of-speech tagging problems with the square Hmong language, a low-resource corpus. This paper designs a weight evaluation function to reduce the influence of unknown words. It proposes an improved harmony search algorithm utilizing the roulette and local evaluation strategies for handling the square Hmong part-of-speech tagging problem. The experiment shows that the average accuracy of the proposed model is 6%, 8% more than HMM and BiLSTM-CRF models, respectively. Meanwhile, the average F1 of the proposed model is also 6%, 3% more than HMM and BiLSTM-CRF models, respectively.

Enzymatic hydrolysis process of lignocellulosic biomass materials is difficult because of inherent structural features of biomass, which represents barriers that prevent complete hydrolysis; therefore, pretreatment techniques are necessary to render biomass highly digestible in enzymatic hydrolysis process. In this research, (non?) oxidative short-term lime pretreatment of willow wood was used. A weight of  11.40 g of willow wood was mixed with an excess of calcium hydroxide (0.4 g Ca(OH)₂/g raw biomass) and water loading (15 g/g raw biomass). Lime pretreatment was carried out for various periods of time including 1, 2, 3.5, 5 and 6 h, with temperatures at 100, 113, 130, 147 and 160⁰C, and oxygen pressures as o