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A historical study of the origins of the sport of polo and its development from the royal court to the stadiums of modern times
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The sport of polo, the game of kings and sultans, is one of the traditional sports that has defied time throughout its long history. It has preserved its historical roots and been able to adapt to contemporary requirements, societal transformations, and temporal and spatial variables. It has moved from an aristocratic sport practiced as a form of entertainment to a professional competitive sport. It attracts many players and millions of viewers, so it is a living model of how sports develop and transform from a local tradition into global sports with organized rules managed by international institutions and with many championships worldwide. Through this, the research objectives were formulated, including exploring sports' origins. Polo in the royal court, and studying the development of the sport of polo throughout its historical eras. To shed light on the institutions, clubs, and personalities contributing to the spread and development of the sport of polo globally, the historical approach was relied upon for its suitability and the nature of the problem. The most prominent conclusions were that the origins of the game of polo go back to Persia. Historical records have proven that it appeared in the sixth century BC, and it was called Chavgun. The establishment of the International Polo Federation in 1982 played a pivotal role in the history of the sport of polo through its contribution to enhancing the image and status of the sport of polo globally

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2009
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Differences Between Sodium Metasilicate and Silicic Acid as Silica Source for Zeolite Y Nano particles Synthesis by Sol- Gel Method
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Zeolite Y nanoparticles were synthesized by sol - gel method. Dffirent samples using two silica sources were prepared.
Sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) (48% silica) and silicic acid silica (H2SiO3) (75% silica) were employed as silica
source and aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3.9H2O) was the aluminum source with tetrapropylammonium hydroxide
(TPAOH) as templating agent.
The synihesized-samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, showed the requirement of diffirent aging time for
complete crystallization to be achieved. Transmission Electronic Microscope (TEM) images, showed the particles were
in the same range of 30 - 75 nm. FT-IR spectroscory, showed the synthesized samples having the zeolite Y crystal
properties. The i

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 15 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Gingival condition, enamel anomalies and traumatic dental injuries among 14-15 years intermediate school male students in Al-Khalis City/Iraq
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Background: One of the most common and prevalent oral diseases among adolescents is periodontal disease particularly gingivitis, however enamel anomalies and dental trauma could occur. Aims of the study: This study was conducted among 14-15 years intermediate school male students in urban area of Al-Khalis city to assess the oral hygiene (dental plaque) and to estimate the prevalence and severity of gingivitis, enamel anomalies, as well as traumatic dental injuries, furthermore to show the significant difference between these two ages concerning these oral problems. Materials and methods: In this study the total sample consisted of 735 students (397 aged 15 years and 338 aged 14 years ). In present study dental plaque was recorded accord

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 10 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Pharmaceutical, Chemical And Biological Sciences
BRCA1 is Overexpressed in Breast Cancer Cell Lines and is Negatively Regulated by E2F6 in Normal but not Cancerous Breast Cells
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This study focused on the expression and regulation of BRCA1 in breast cancer cell lines compared to normal breast. BRCA1 transcript levels were assessed by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in the cancer cell lines. Our data show overexpression of BRCA1 mRNA level in all the studied breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 along with Jurkat, leukemia T-lymphocyte, the positive control, relative to normal breast tissue. To investigate whether a positive or negative correlation exists between BRCA1 and the transcription factor E2F6, three different si-RNA specific for E2F6 were used to transfect the normal and cancerous breast cell lines. Interestingly, strong negative relationship was found b

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 09 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
Specifying Standard Scores and Levels for Some Physical Variables as Indicators for Selecting Youth Soccer Players Aged (17 – 19) years Old
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Recording callitetrarhynchus gracilis (rudolphi, 1819) and callitetrarhynchus sp. (cestoda: trypanorhyncha) parasitic in tow carangid fishes in north west arab gulf, Iraq
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Recording two species of larval cestodes Callitetrarhynchus gracilis and Callitetrarhynchus sp. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) parasitic in body cavity of two carangid fishes (Carangoides malabaricus and Megalaspis cordyla) from north west Arab Gulf, Iraq, is described. The species Callitetrarhynchus sp. was recorded for the first time in Iraq in carangid fishes. Also, two fish species (C. malabaricus and M. cordyla) are considered as new hosts for C. gracilis and Callitetrarhynchus sp. in the Arab Gulf. The cestodes were sent to Prof. Dr. Harry W. Palm, Department of Fisheries Biology, Institute Zoo Morphology, Germany for confirmation of the identification.

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 08 2020
Journal Name
Separation Science And Technology
Adsorption kinetics and mechanisms for meropenem antibiotic removal in batch mode via rice husk functionalized with Mg/Fe-layered double hydroxides
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The purpose of this research was to evaluate rice husk functionalized with Mg-Fe-layered double hydroxide (RH-Mg/Fe-LDH) as an adsorbent for the removal of meropenem antibiotic (MA) from an aqueous solution. Several batch experiments were undertaken using various conditions. Based on the results, the optimal Mg/Fe-LDH adsorbent with a pH of 9 and an M2+/M3+ ratio of 0.5 was associated with the lowest particle size (specifically. 11.1 nm). The Langmuir and Freundlich models were consistent with the experimental isotherm data (R2 was 0.984 and 0.993, respectively), and MA’s highest equilibrium adsorption capacity was 43.3 mg/g. Additionally, the second-order model was consistent with the adsorption kinetic results.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 09 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Caries-Experiences and Dental Treatment Needs among (16-18 Years Old) in High School Girls in Al-Mussayb City, Babylon Governorate
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Background: Numerous epidemiological studies were conducted in Iraq, concerning dental caries and related etiological factors however; most of these studies were concerned with pre-and primary school children and/or those at index ages (12-15years old). At the time studies regarding older ages are very limited. This study was done to determine the prevalence and severity of dental caries and treatment need among high schools girls (16-18 years old) in Al-Mussayb city, Babylon Governorate. Thus, it can be considered as a base line data that allows studying dental caries among permanent dentition, also allows the comparison with other studies in other parts of the world. Material and Method: A total number of 900 high school girls were examin

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 31 2026
Journal Name
International Journal Of Intelligent Engineering And Systems
Low-complexity Deep Learning for Joint Channel-type Identification and SNR Estimation in MIMO-OFDM Using CNN–BRNN with LUT Labels
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Channel estimation (CE) is essential for wireless links but becomes progressively onerous as Fifth Generation (5G) Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) systems and extensive fading expand the search space and increase latency. This study redefines CE support as the process of learning to deduce channel type and signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) directly from per-tone Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) observations,with blind channel state information (CSI). We trained a dual deep model that combined Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks (BRNNs). We used a lookup table (LUT) label for channel type (class indices instead of per-tap values) and ordinal supervision for SNR (0–20 dB,5-dB steps). T

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 05 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Red Ginger's Anti-Anxiety Effect on BALB/c Strain Mice (Mus musculus) Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Measurements as Anxiety Model
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There is a correlation between the occurrence of anxiety and the production of inflammatory mediators, and red ginger rhizome is a well-known herbal product with a high content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds that can be used as anti-inflammatories and antioxidants. The aim of study to evaluate the effect of red ginger as antianxiety in mice (Mus musculus) BALB/c strain by measuring levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10.  Anxiety model mice were carried out by giving treatment with the Forced Swimming Test (FST) for 7 days then assessed by carrying out the Elevated Plus Maze for Mice (EPM) test for one day. After the treatment, the anxiety mice model was made, followed by administration of red ginger ethanol extract therapy for 14 days.

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2024
Journal Name
Russian Journal Of General Chemistry
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation for New Derivatives Based on 2Сhloro-N-[4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl]acetamide
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