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The contractual budget: the ideal technique in planning and implementing capital budgeting projects: a strategy of preparing the contractual budget for Baghdad local government
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Public budget is the government's tool in achieving the objectives of economic and social development is the accounting curriculum to estimate state revenues and expenditures for years to come, as well as to have legal status as it is after the adoption of an official statement of government units to spend funds on items planned at the same time is a statement collect resources to finance these appropriations, if the primary objective of the budget initially limited to the achievement of financial and legislative control have evolved this function in the area of public administration turned attention from mere imposition of control over the money, which provides information to assist the Department to utilize available resources and programs to achieve efficient, effective and economic link between inputs ( expenditure) and output (objectives achieved); it took give the rationale of the appropriation request is when you view the budget on the legislative authority is linked to programs and activities to be performed by government regulations during the period of the budget.

              The increased government activity and responsibilities of the State showed a defect in the government accounting system and the traditional balance in the provision of information to support management strategy showed the need to reform the budget system have yet to include elements of strategic planning and management efficiency in the completion of the work and the optimal use of resources, the wording of the strategic concept of the interest must be the governmental unit to study the external environment to identify opportunities, risks and potential internal study to determine the strengths and weaknesses and the need to develop accounting systems to provide information appropriate to the decision-making advanced, the complexity of the work environment in public administration, which required the expansion of the accounting information provided by the output of what the government accounting system using a system of management accounting strategy tend to focus on the future provision of external information to support management and the adoption of strategic planning, programming and budget, the best source of information on the budget and clearly understood by local governments, linking strategic planning and budget preparation for a sophisticated system support load balancing contractual shift budget to projects with four dimensions of work and specifications and the time required for completion and cost of speculative finance and this is what facilitates the process of implementation and control and is efficient in performance between funds being earmarked and objectives.  
              Goal of establishing local governments based on the principle of administrative decentralization is to provide services and the establishment of infrastructure projects as not only the funding for these projects to assignments of the general budget, but may be through loans or participation with the private sector, create a way BOT.  

              The financial reports prepared by government units must meet the requirements of the minimum financial statements identified by the Governmental Accounting Standards Board and such reports are comprehensive and cover the funds all government activities including disclosure required and a  commitment to accepted accounting principles and standards.

              States have adopted the modern system of administrative decentralization is the transfer of responsibility for planning and funding of public services and management to local government and under the responsibility accounting system can achieve control depending on the budget system as a low cost, timing and quality measures

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Publication Date
Sun May 01 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Multiphase Flow
Application of artificial neural network to predict slug liquid holdup
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 31 2019
Journal Name
Engineering Journa
Flexural Moment Capacity Evaluation of Reinforced RPC Two-way Slabs
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The aim of this paper is to determine the flexural moment capacity of Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) two-way slabs based on three models proposed by previous studies (Model 1, Model 2, and Model 3). The results obtained from these models were compared with those obtained from experimental work to check the accuracy and the applicability of the adopted theoretical models. The experimental program included the testing of three simply supported RPC two-way slabs (1000x1000x70) mm each. The tested specimens had identical properties except their steel fibres volume ratios (0.5 %, 1 %, and 1.5 %). The comparison with the experimental data showed that (Model 3) is the most suitable one among the three models. Model 1 was found to underestimate the

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis of Some Heterocyclic Compounds Derived from 2-Mercapto Benzoxazole
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New series of 2-mecapto benzoxazole derivatives (1-20) incorporated into fused to different nitrogen and suphur containing heterocyclic were prepared from 2-meracpto benzoxazole, when treated with hydrazine hydrate to afford 2-hydrazino benzoxazol (1). Compound (1) converted to a variety of pyridazinone andphthalazinone derivatives (2-4) by reaction with different carboxylic anhydride. Also, reaction of (1) with phenyl isothiocyanate and ethyl chloro acetate afforded 3-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2,4-dione-2-(benzoxazole-2-yl-hydrazone) (6). Azomethines (7-10) were prepared through reaction of (1) with aromatic aldehyde, then (7, 8) converted to thaizolidinone derivatives (11, 12). Treatment of (1) with active methylene compounds afforded deriva

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2020
Journal Name
Plant Archive
Genetic analysis of sorghum cultivars from USA using SSR markers
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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Punching Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Flat Plates with Openings
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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Electrical And Computer Engineering (ijece)
Thermal response of skin diseased tissue treated by plasmonic nanoantenna
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The thermal distribution in the diseased tissue treated by different methods faces the problem of an uncontrollable defused heat. In the present article, we use a plasmonic bowtie nanoantenna working in the near infrared region to enhance the temperature confinement in the tissue. The Computer Simulation Technology Studio Suite package version 2019 was used to execute the design of both plasmonic nanoantenna and the tissue. Gold nanostructure and silicon carbide dioxide are the components the plasmonic nanoantenna in the bowtie shape. The results showed that the distance between the tumor tissue and the antenna is important to determine the intensity field where the maximum field is 5.9*107 V/m at a distance of 100 nm. The maximum

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Publication Date
Mon May 11 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Some properties of finite dimensional fuzzy anti-normed linear spaces
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            In this paper the definition of fuzzy anti-normed linear spaces and its basic properties are used to prove some properties of a finite dimensional fuzzy anti-normed linear space.    

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 18 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Elastic transverse electron scattering form factors of 11Li exotic nucleus
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        The elastic transverse electron scattering form factors have been studied for the 11Li   nucleus using the Two- Frequency Shell Model (TFSM) approach. The single-particle wave functions of harmonic-oscillator (HO) potential are used with two different oscillator parameters bcore and bhalo. According to this model, the core nucleons of 9Li nucleus are assumed to move in the model space of spsdpf. The outer halo (2-neutron) in 11Li is assumed to move in the pure 1p1/2, 1d5/2, 2s1/2 orbit. The shell model calculations are carried ou

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Flexible Genetic Algorithm Based Optimal Power Flow of Power Systems
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Nowadays, the power plant is changing the power industry from a centralized and vertically integrated form into regional, competitive and functionally separate units. This is done with the future aims of increasing efficiency by better management and better employment of existing equipment and lower price of electricity to all types of customers while retaining a reliable system. This research is aimed to solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. The OPF is used to minimize the total generations fuel cost function. Optimal power flow may be single objective or multi objective function. In this thesis, an attempt is made to minimize the objective function with keeping the voltages magnitudes of all load buses, real outp

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 09 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Treatment of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma by 810 nm Diode Laser
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Pyogenic granuloma is one of the inflammatory hyperplasia seen in the oral cavity. The
present study included 10 patients with pyogenic granuloma, involving 4 males and 6 females with 1:1.5
male to female ratio. Patient ages ranged from 5 to 85 years (mean, 30 years) and half of the lesions had
pedunculated base, with surface ulceration in 10% of cases. Treatment consisted of resection, using 810
nm diode lasers. Eight patients were anesthetized during the surgical operation by local infiltration of
anesthesia. Only three patients reported mild post-operative pain within the first 24 hours of the healing
period. During the surgical operation there was no significant bleeding so clear surgical field. There was
no blee

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