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The contractual budget: the ideal technique in planning and implementing capital budgeting projects: a strategy of preparing the contractual budget for Baghdad local government
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Public budget is the government's tool in achieving the objectives of economic and social development is the accounting curriculum to estimate state revenues and expenditures for years to come, as well as to have legal status as it is after the adoption of an official statement of government units to spend funds on items planned at the same time is a statement collect resources to finance these appropriations, if the primary objective of the budget initially limited to the achievement of financial and legislative control have evolved this function in the area of public administration turned attention from mere imposition of control over the money, which provides information to assist the Department to utilize available resources and programs to achieve efficient, effective and economic link between inputs ( expenditure) and output (objectives achieved); it took give the rationale of the appropriation request is when you view the budget on the legislative authority is linked to programs and activities to be performed by government regulations during the period of the budget.

              The increased government activity and responsibilities of the State showed a defect in the government accounting system and the traditional balance in the provision of information to support management strategy showed the need to reform the budget system have yet to include elements of strategic planning and management efficiency in the completion of the work and the optimal use of resources, the wording of the strategic concept of the interest must be the governmental unit to study the external environment to identify opportunities, risks and potential internal study to determine the strengths and weaknesses and the need to develop accounting systems to provide information appropriate to the decision-making advanced, the complexity of the work environment in public administration, which required the expansion of the accounting information provided by the output of what the government accounting system using a system of management accounting strategy tend to focus on the future provision of external information to support management and the adoption of strategic planning, programming and budget, the best source of information on the budget and clearly understood by local governments, linking strategic planning and budget preparation for a sophisticated system support load balancing contractual shift budget to projects with four dimensions of work and specifications and the time required for completion and cost of speculative finance and this is what facilitates the process of implementation and control and is efficient in performance between funds being earmarked and objectives.  
              Goal of establishing local governments based on the principle of administrative decentralization is to provide services and the establishment of infrastructure projects as not only the funding for these projects to assignments of the general budget, but may be through loans or participation with the private sector, create a way BOT.  

              The financial reports prepared by government units must meet the requirements of the minimum financial statements identified by the Governmental Accounting Standards Board and such reports are comprehensive and cover the funds all government activities including disclosure required and a  commitment to accepted accounting principles and standards.

              States have adopted the modern system of administrative decentralization is the transfer of responsibility for planning and funding of public services and management to local government and under the responsibility accounting system can achieve control depending on the budget system as a low cost, timing and quality measures

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 15 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of Health Educational Program on Nurses' Practices toward Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy for Children at Hematology Center in Baghdad City
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Objectives: the study aims to assess nurses' practices toward chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) for children at the hematology center, and to determine the effectiveness of the health education program on nurses' practices toward CIPN, and to find out the relationships between the effectiveness of Health education program and demographic characteristics of nurses.

Methodology: Use quasi-experimental design in the study (a design that divides the sample into two groups, a study group and a control group, with data collection in three stages). This study was conducted at a hematology center in Baghdad city for the period (from December 16th, 2019 to 8th May 202

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of electronic trading and central filing in the performance of the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period (2008-2018)
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The rapid development of information technology and its use in all areas has had a positive impact on all areas, and financial markets have had a share of this development through the use of an electronic trading system to settle transactions, enhance transparency and disclosure in all activities of these markets and revitalize their performance.

The reason for choosing this topic is that it is a very important topic for what modern technology addresses in trading operations in financial markets. It is worth noting that these innovations have eliminated the need for direct contact with people, but through the Internet and telephone networks, and the new technology has reduced the costs of building systems

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
الحقوق
الوسائل القانونية لتمويل المشاريع الاستثمارية وضماناتها
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Publication Date
Tue Dec 22 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Following the adoption of the annual tax controls in settling accounts for the owners Mmakhr medicines: Applied Research in the General Authority for taxes
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It highlights the importance of research through its focus on the assessment of tax for settling accounts Mmakhr medicines and annual statement controls and its role in determining the taxable income of the real tax Mmakhr drugs and achieve tax equity through tax settling accounts. The tax authority relies annual controls laid down by the tax settling accounts for Mmakhr medicines despite their inclusion bookkeeping business No. 2 system for the year 1985 average .ually this basis formulated hypothesis (that the adoption of the tax authority on annual controls in the tax settling accounts for Mmakhr medicine does not contribute in determining income taxable real tax for this Almmakr). the resulting search for a number of conclusions and

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 12 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The robust estimators of reliability function using sample technique AM & POT
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Abstract 

The Phenomenon of Extremism of Values ​​(Maximum or Rare Value) an important phenomenon is the use of two techniques of sampling techniques to deal with this Extremism: the technique of the peak sample and the maximum annual sampling technique (AM) (Extreme values, Gumbel) for sample (AM) and (general Pareto, exponential) distribution of the POT sample. The cross-entropy algorithm was applied in two of its methods to the first estimate using the statistical order and the second using the statistical order and likelihood ratio. The third method is proposed by the researcher. The MSE comparison coefficient of the estimated parameters and the probability density function for each of the distributions were

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Publication Date
Sun May 12 2019
Journal Name
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery
Lingual anesthesia of the lower anterior teeth, which technique is better?
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Purpose To extract the lower anterior teeth, the oral surgeon needs to anesthetize the pulpal tissue of the accused tooth and the surrounding tissues. The lingual nerve innervates the lingual soft tissue to the lower teeth, this nerve usually anesthetized alongside the inferior alveolar nerve by a block technique. However, the lingual tissue of the lower anterior teeth usually anesthetized by either infiltration or periodontal ligament injection (PDL) techniques. This study was intended to compare between these two techniques. Methods Forty-eight teeth were extracted from 24 patients. Non-adjacent two lower anterior teeth in the same patient were selected. The lingual soft tissue in one of them was anesthetized by PDL injection technique wh

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 03 2022
Journal Name
Optik
Enhancement the photosensitivity of PVA NFs/Si prepared by electrospinning technique
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This work aimed PVA nanofibers in a range of concentrations were successfully manufactured via electrospinning. PVA NFs/Si was effectively prepared using the electrospinning process. The structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of the prepared PVA were studied using XRD, FE-SEM, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and I-V characteristics, respectively. The amorphous structure of PVA nanofibers was observed. The optical energy gap from ultraviolet to visible was between (2.75 and 2.41) eV, making this compound highly sensitive to visible orange light at 610 nm, with a photosensitivity of 66%. The optical energy gap of PVA/Si heterojunction was utilized to modify this film from the UV to the visible spectrum. As show in the results,

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Scopus
Publication Date
Mon Dec 30 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Effect of Dictogloss Technique on University EFL Students' Collocation Knowledge
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تتمثل مشكلة الدراسة في الصعوبات التي يواجهها طلاب اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية في تعلم وإتقان المتلازمات اللفظية. تهدف هذا الدراسة تهدف إلى تحديد أثر استخدام تقنية المسرد الاملائي على معرفة المتلازمات اللفظية لدى الطلاب. ولتحقيق أهداف هذا البحث والتحقق من فرضياته تم اختيار عينة عشوائية مكونة من (60) طالبة من كلية اللغة الإنجليزية للسنة الثانية باستخدام كتاب الفهم القرائي المقرر للمستوى الثاني في قسم الل

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 12 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The effect of Tilt Angle, Surface Azimuth and Mirror in Solar Cell Panel Output in Baghdad.
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In this research (100* 40* 4 cm) solar cell panel was used in Baghdad at autumn season (2010), to get best solar cell panel angles experimentally, and then a mirror (40*50 cm) is use to concentrate incident sunlight intensity on a panel. At first case we get (Tilt angle ?P =60°and Surface Azimuth angle ?P =36°E) is the best angles and other case, we add a mirror at angle = 120° at bottom of panel, then we get output power (27.48watt) is bigger than without using a mirror (25.16watt). We can benefit from these cases in variety applications.

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
(Estimation and Analysis of the Cobb-Duglas Production Function for the Rail Transport Sector in Iraq for the Period 1990-2016 using the ARDL Model)
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Abstract:

Since the railway transport sector is very important in many countries of the world, we have tried through this research to study the production function of this sector and to indicate the level of productivity under which it operates.

It was found through the estimation and analysis of the production function Kub - Duglas that the railway transport sector in Iraq suffers from a decline in the level of productivity, which was reflected in the deterioration of the level of services provided for the transport of passengers and goods. This led to the loss of the sector of importance in supporting the national economy and the reluctance of most passengers an

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