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General Sales Tax and its Role in Public Revenuse in Jordan for the Duration (1998-2012)
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   This research aims to introduce the general tax on sales in gordan and the most important concepts related to this type of taxes and identify the  most  on characteristics and stand on its role in supplying the general budget of the necessary fundig to cover the over head of the state and the factorsinfluencing it and whether such a tax has been able to chieve the desired goals.including in contribute to an important and growing role in puplic revenues or not to be able to achieve these goals through the use of descriptive and analytical technique based on the data and information relevant.wasreached some conclusion and  recommendations was most important is that the general sales tax comes infirst place in terms of relative importance in the tax structure and Jordan formed revenues major source to finance th general budget. Contributing proceed of more than one-third of research and about 40% of overall revenuse as the average for the last five years of research period.Which indicates the impotance of this tax in the financial Jordanian economy conoard to other sources of funding.The most important recommendation were,is the emphasis on keeping the necessary and basic goods and basic services are exempt from tax in line with the principle tax justice to ease the tax burden on the limited –income groups and to emplasize the need for the tax administration to encourage voluntary response to the taxpayers and enhance these tyle of self-esteem to the tax system and activate the information and investigation of taxpayers in order to reduce the incidence of tax evasion.

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 26 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
ECO-FRIENLY SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES AND STUDY THEIR EFFECT WITH ANTIBIOTICS AGAINST ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII
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This study was aimed to produce AuNPs biologically using Klebsiella pneumoniae and study their synergistic effect with some antibiotics.Technologies of nanoparticles are quick and are employed in many applications in biomedicine. The potential of metallic nanoparticle as an anti-microbial agent is greatly investigated which considered as an alternative method to reduce the challenges of multi-drug resistance microbes. The present study discusses the novel approach to synthesize nanoparticles involving eco-friendly synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Klebsiella pneumoniae and study their effect as antimicrobial spectrum .Also study synergism effect of gold nanoparticles with antibiotic against Acinetobacter baumannii. These approac

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2008
Journal Name
J Bagh College Of Dentistry
Assessment of consistency and compressive strength of glass ionomer reinforced by different amount of hydroxyapatite
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Background: Glass ionomers have good biocompatibility and the ability to adhere to both enamel and dentin. However, they have certain demerits, mainly low tensile and compressive strengths. Therefore, this study was done to assess consistency and compressive strength of glass ionomer reinforced by different amount of hydroxyapatite. Materials and Methods: In this study hydroxyapatite materials were added to glass ionomer cement at different ratios, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% (by weight). The standard consistency test described in America dental association (ADA) specification No. 8 was used, so that all new base materials could be conveniently mixed and the results would be of comparable value and the compressive strength test described by

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Retinoic Acid Treatment of Human Hematological Malignancies Induces Caspase Dependent and Independent Apoptotic Cell Death
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The unprejudiced of this education is to gauge the ability of the retinoic acid to induce apoptotic cell death in hematological tumors through caspase dependent or independent apoptotic pathway, The cytotoxicity effects of retinoic acid of different concentrations (400,350,300,250,200,150,100,50,25,12.5 μg\ml) and exposure for all hematological malignancy cell lines (Human non-Hodgkin lymphoma SR and human multiple myeloma (COLO 677) and Human Monocytic Leukemia THP1 and Acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4) have been determined using a microtetrazolium (MTT) assay. Propodeum iodide and alcidine orange (AO/PI) paired discoloration was used to study the ability of retinoic acid to induce apoptosis in the infected cells and examined under fluore

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 05 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Sport Biomechanics
Comparative Biomechanical Analysis of Three-Point Shooting Between Elite Iraqi Basketball Players and International Counterparts
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Objective This study aimed to compare the biomechanics of three-point shooting between elite Iraqi basketball players and international players, in order to identify key biomechanical differences that may impact shooting performance. Methods A total of 80 male basketball players participated in the study (40 elite Iraqi players and 40 international elite players). Kinematic data were collected using advanced motion analysis systems, force plates, and high-speed video analysis. The measured variables included joint angles, angular velocity, release speed, ball release angle, and ground reaction forces during three-point shooting. Each player performed 20 consecutive shots under controlled conditions. Group comparisons were conducted using st

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2018
Journal Name
J. Pharm. Sci. & Res.
Comparative study between pure bacterocin and vancomycin on biofilms of MRSA isolated from medical implants
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Thirty swabes of medical implants were collected from Al-Yarmouk's hospital which were cultured on manitole agar to isolate Staphelococcus aureus . Only four samples gave positive results with this media. It was used ten types of antibiotics to test the sensitivity of this bacterium against them. All isolates of S. aureus were recorded as multidrug resistant and were considered as MRSA. One pledge alternative therapy is the utilize of certain pure bacterocin MIC (32.5 to 62.5 μg/ml) and it was compared with vancomycin (200-400 μg/ml) with average of (8 – 15) mm diameter of inhibition zones recpectively. The first reduction of biofilm formation ability has been proved in catheters when treatedby pure bacterocin. The test shows the highes

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 18 2025
Journal Name
Physica Scripta
Design and Analysis of a highly sensitive open trapezoidal channel PCF-based Plasmonic Refractometric Sensor
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Abstract<p>This study introduces a highly sensitive trapezium-shaped PCF based on an SPR refractometric sensor with unique design features. The structure of a sensor was designed and analyzed using COMSOL Multiphysics v5.6 based on Finite Element Method (FEM) with a focus on investigating the influence of various geometric parameters on its performance. The two channels were coated with a metallic gold layer to provide chemical stability, and a thin layer of TiO₂ improved the gold's adhesion to the fiber. The findings indicate that the proposed sensor achieves maximum amplitude and wavelength sensitivities of 1,779 RIU⁻¹ and 30,500 nm/RIU, respectively, with corresponding resolutions of 3.2</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 30 2014
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
A Comparative Study on Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infection by Acetic Acid, Rifocin and Probiotics
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Introduction: Diabetic foot infections are one of the most severe complications of diabetes. This study was aimed to determine the common bacterial isolates of diabetic foot infections and the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility then treatment.
Methods: A swab was taken from the foot ulcer, and the aerobic bacteria were isolated and identified by cultural, microscopic and biochemical test, then by api-20E system. After that their antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined. Then local and systemic treatment was used to treat the diabetic foot patients.
Results: Bacterial isolates belonging to twelve species were obtained from diabetic foot patients. Gram (-) bacteria were the predominant pathogens in the diabetic foot infection

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Study of rheological and mechanical properties of bitumen blended with two alpha phases of polyamide
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Publication Date
Thu Apr 01 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi J Of Agricultural Science
Determination of Beta Lactam Resistance of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolated from Clinical Specimens and Water Samples
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Publication Date
Sun Jul 09 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Batch and Fixed-Bed Modeling of Adsorption Reactive Remazol Yellow Dye onto Granular Activated Carbon
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In this work, the adsorption of reactive yellow dye (Remazol yellow FG dye) by granular activated carbon (GAC) was investigated using batch and continuous process. The batch process involved determination the equilibrium isotherm curve either favorable or unfavorable by estimation relation between adsorption capacity and concentration of dye at different dosage of activated carbon. The results were fitted with equilibrium isotherm models Langmuir and Freundlich models with R2value (>0.97). Batch Kinetic study showed good fitting with pseudo second order model with R2 (0.987) at contact time 5 h. which provesthat the adsorption is chemisorptions nature. Continuous study was done by fixed bed column where breakthrough time was increased

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