Mammalian cell culture refers to culturing mammalian cells in a medium that provide nutrients for cells to be able to grow in vitro under environment that closely mimic the in vivo conditions. By enabling culturing these cells outside living biological entities, investigation on intra- and intercellular activities and flux; genetic and phenotyping analysis; proteomics, study of toxicology, drug discovery and development can be carried out without manipulation of living animals. In this chapter, detail protocol of media preparation, cell culture maintenance and preservation are elaborated for both types of mammalian cell culture, monolayer or suspension cultures. Determination of number of cells is discussed as well.

In this paper introduce some generalizations of some definitions which are, closure converge to a point, closure directed toward a set, almost ω-converges to a set, almost condensation point, a set ωH-closed relative, ω-continuous functions, weakly ω-continuous functions, ω-compact functions, ω-rigid a set, almost ω-closed functions and ω-perfect functions with several results concerning them.

Large amounts of plasma, the universe’s fourth most common kind of stuff, may be found across our galaxy and other galaxies. There are four types of matter in the cosmos, and plasma is the most common. By heating the compressed air or inert gases to create negatively and positively charged particles known as ions, electrically neutral particles in their natural state are formed. Many scientists are currently focusing their efforts on the development of artificial plasma and the possible advantages it may have for humankind in the near future. In the literature, there is a scarcity of information regarding plasma applications. It’s the goal of this page to describe particular methods for creating and using plasma, which may be us

The presence of research Repositories in the intellectual production of universities and their availability through their websites or through their scientific institutions is one of the criteria for evaluating these universities in the international classifications of the best universities, in addition to preserving the intellectual output of these universities for a long time and safely and preserving the property rights of researchers. And made them available through their websites. The purpose of this research is to identify the concept of digital content and research repositories and its origin, and to indicate the importance of its existence through the websites of universities and their types, and to identify the research repositories

Background: Total superficial parotidectomy is the most commonly used approach in excising the tumors that affect the superficial lobe of the parotid gland, whether they're benign or malignant. The aim of the study is to evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of total superficial parotidectomy for parotid gland tumors within five years of follow-up. Patients and methods: Nineteen patients with lateral facial swelling affecting the parotid region were included in this study. All of them operated under general anesthesia with oral endotracheal intubation, where Modified Blair Incision (lazy S incision) was utilized in all cases. Anterograde dissection with facial nerve identification was accomplished with total superficial parotidectomy.

Abstract. This study gives a comprehensive analysis of the properties and interactions of fibrewise maximal and minimal topological spaces. Fibrewise topology extends classical topological concepts to structured spaces, providing a thorough understanding of spaces that vary across different dimensions. We study the basic theories, crucial properties, and characterizations of maximal and minimal fibrewise topological spaces. We investigate their role in different mathematical contexts and draw connections with related topological concepts. By providing exact mathematical formulations and comprehensive examples, this abstract advances the fields of topology and mathematical analysis by elucidating the unique properties and implications of fib

In this thesis, we introduce eight types of topologies on a finite digraphs and state the implication between these topologies. Also we studied some pawlak's concepts and generalization rough set theory, we introduce a new types for approximation rough digraphs depending on supra open digraphs. In addition, we present two various standpoints to define generalized membership relations, and state the implication between it, to classify the digraphs and help for measure exactness and roughness of digraphs. On the other hand, we define several kinds of fuzzy digraphs. We also introduce a topological space, which is induced by reflexive graph and tolerance graphs, such that the graph may be infinite. Furthermore, we offered some properties of th