ترك السلطان عبدالحميد الثاني بصماتهُ على أخاديد الزمان وعلى خارطة المشرق العربي الخاضع للسيطرة العثمانية أنذاك ، لكونهُ أهم شخصية أسلامية غير عربية واجهت الخطر الصهيوني ومحاولاتهم الإستيطانية في مشرق الوطن العربي ، على الرغم من صعوبة الظروف التي كانت تمر بها الدولة العثمانية داخليا ً وخارجيا ً، بما فيها من أطماع اقتسامها بين الاوربين ولذا سموها بالرجل المريض .

تُعد دراسة أعلام الفكر العربي والإسلامي من أهم الدراسات التاريخية ولا يمكن للأمم المتحضرة أن تنسى علمائها ومفكريها لما لهم من دور كبير في حاضر الأمة ومستقبلها و تاريخنا الإسلامي يحفل بالعديد من العلماء ورجال المعرفة  الذين ساعدوا على تقدم ورقي العرب والمسلمين على الأمم الأخرى0

A la fin du XVIIIe siècle, les penseurs français dont Rousseau et Saint-Pierre, commencent à mettre en question la civilisation européenne. Dans leurs œuvres les plus importantes, ces deux auteurs parlent de la société européenne d'une façon très banale. Ils font, par contre, une invitation à la Solitude et l'isolement dans la nature afin d'éviter la corruption de l'âme par la société mondaine. Ces écrivains-penseurs croient que la société peut gâter l'humanité de l'individu. Ils suggèrent à travers les images innocentes de leurs principaux personnages vivant dans la campagne, un monde idéal où il n'y a que pureté et chasteté.  Dans les deux œuvres que nous avons choisies (Paul et Virginie de Bernardin de

  Recognition is one of the basic characteristics of human brain, and also for the living   creatures. It is possible to recognize images, persons, or patterns according to their characteristics. This recognition could be done using eyes or dedicated proposed methods. There are numerous applications for pattern recognition such as recognition of printed or handwritten letters, for example reading post addresses automatically and reading documents or check reading in bank.

      One of the challenges which faces researchers in character recognition field is the recognition of digits, which are written by hand. This paper describes a classification method for on-line handwrit

The latest open commercial markets among countries, shift of capitals, and rise of mass economic, large international organizations, and international contracts leaded to a great increase of competition among countries for attracting capital for investments, specially among under developing countries which had bad economic situation, and which thinks that investment is the best solution to solve their old economic problems.

Developing small, and medium establishments in all economic sectors became the main economic force and natural resources for the development and growth of under developing countries. Small and medium establishments became the majority of any country establishments, and the past international experience shows t

تبحث هذه الدراسة في المهارات االتصالية عند المحررين الصحفيين وترتيب أولويات امتالكها لديهم إذ تلعب المهارات االتصالية دورا مهما في نجاح عملية التحرير الصحفي للرسالة بكل أنواعها سواء كانت خبرا أو مقاال أو تقريرا أو تحقيقا أو حديثا ، وتتنوع هذه المهارات بين األساسية المتعلقة باالتصال والمالحظة القوية وسرعة التعبير وبين المكملة لها المتعلقة باللغة والمعنى واإلرسال واالستقبال ، وتأتي هذه الد ارسة لتركز الضوء

The great challenge that will face the management in the developed and developing countries at the same time as core issue is represented in the question of the labor productivity in the field of in the Training Of human which is believed that it will prevail upon the jobs of their organization for many coming decades in in next years. Farther more, it will limit the construction of the communities and the quality of this life. Therefore, the priority of the economics of those countries will be headed toward increasing this productivity and giving it tried finally to control economically and managerially. In the light of information era, every organization should become knowledgeable enterprise. And for this reason, the achievement of su

This research aims to improve the process Tax accounting by using the scientific method to such as Six Sigma DMAIC steps called in General. Authority for Tax accounting . this approach has been described Tax accounting process Fully and identify problems experienced by the measurement and analysis and identify the critical success factors to satisfy customers and adoption process redesign Tax accounting process with the possibility of obtaining a high-quality revenue to be used by the body to improve its performance . Collected data and information from interviews with officials, staff and see the details & the conduct & operations in the body, and used well as a questionnair to measure the quality & services present action b