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School Refusal Behavior of Primary First Class Pupils in Baghdad
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Objectives: The study aims to assess the school refusal behavior of first class pupils at primary schools and identifying the relationship between the school refusal behavior and some of socio-demographic characteristics for the pupils.

Methodology:  A descriptive-analytic study was initiated from November 1st, 2012 to April 1st, 2013. A random sample of 411 students is selected from a probability stratified sample of 17 primary schools for both sexes in 4 sectors in Baghdad Al-Rasafa and Al-Karkh districts which are selected randomly from first class of primary school. A Self administrative questionnaire (Parents' Version) which constructed by the researcher includes two parts: the socio- demographic variables of the pupils and school refusal behavior scale items. Content validity was determined through the use of panel experts. The internal consistency of the instrument was determined through the computation of Alpha Correlation Coefficient which is statistically acceptable (r = 0.77). Data are analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical approaches by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0.

Results: The finding of the study revealed that Most of the pupils are firstborn male live in nuclear family with 1-3 children in the family resident in crowded city; they do not attend preschool or kindergarten. The school refusal behavior has been shown to be low level among pupils. There is positive relationship between gender and child's order and there is moderate relationship among other variables. There is positive relationship between school refusal behavior, family type, and residency place while there is negative relationship between school refusal behavior and numbers of children. The findings reveal also negative relationship between residency place and family type.

Recommendations: The study recommended to conduct research with different variables on a large sample to be national survey for assessing school refusal behavior and exploring school refusal behavior associated with psychiatric problems such as bipolar disorder, depressive disorder and separation anxiety disorder.

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 15 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
The effectiveness of artificial intelligence in contemporary digital graphic design
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In our world, technological development has become inherent in all walks of life and is characterized by its speed in performance and uses. This development required the emergence of new technologies that represent a future revolution for a fourth industrial revolution in various fields, which contributed to finding many alternatives and innovative technical solutions that shortened time and space in terms of making Machines are smarter, more accurate, and faster in accomplishing the tasks intended for them, and we find the emergence of what is called artificial intelligence (artificial intelligence), which is the technology of the future, which is one of the most important outputs of the fourth industrial revolution, and artificial inte

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 24 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Impact of Tax knowledge in compliance costs: Applied Research
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This research Sought to Determine the Relationship and  impact  between the tax knowledge in dimensions  of the tax compliance costs (monetary costs, time costs, psychic costs) Since the sample included 81 individuals represented by the Executive directors and Financial  and Accountant working in the Joint-stock company,  A questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection and its analysis.  For the purpose of analyzing the research data the statistical package for social science, SPSS. The most important tools used in the statistical analysis are:(standard deviation, and simple linear regression, percentages,  arithmetic mean, Cronbach's alpha, F-test, T- Test). The research found a weakness attenti

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
The Discussion of Language and Poetry in A.R. Ammons's Garbage
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  A.R. Ammons's  Garbage is a unique poem in all measures, starting from the title to the subject matter of the poem.  Though it discusses the ecological repercussion of waste management, the long poem is written to shed light on the correlation between language\poetry and garbage. The paper argues that in his examination of language\poetry and garbage as both reflectors of human life and experience, Ammons claims that redemption is possible through both language and garbage by scrutinizing human experience whether low or high, mundane or sacred. This paper tries to examine Ammons's  efforts to use the farfetched metaphor of garbage to discuss language and poetry-writing.  

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 08 2024
Journal Name
Al-academy
Clarity and readability of written texts In commercial advertising designs
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The concept of clarity and readability of the written texts is an important goal in order to convey the communication idea to the receiver easily; the written texts have special significance because it is the most effective way to fulfill this idea as well as to achieve the aesthetic dimension of the written material, and clarity in the written texts is a prerequisite for reading, and readability is the speed of the optical reading of the written form, as the letters design plays a key role in facilitating the readability of the texts, and thus, it is necessitated to take care of these texts and studied them thoroughly in terms of shape for easy to read, and thus to understand the implications of the texts.
For that reason, the resear

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 19 2017
Journal Name
Al-academy
Aesthetic and dramatic dimensions of silence in the feature film
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        Which was entitled : Aesthetic and dramatic dimensions of silence in the feature film , and the researcher clearly define after removing the confusion existing in some authorized sources , as for the concept of silence , adopted in this research is : the death of the audio stream , Hence the researcher shed a light on the aesthetic and the dramatic role of silence in the feature film , through the handing of the silent scenes ( absolute silence ) in the film research divided this research into four chapters . This first Chapter includes : methodological framework , which represents the research problem , which came with the following question : what is the mechanism of productive silence to the

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of public debt on financial stability in Iraq
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Countries have faced the challenges of high levels of public debt and seek to define the optimum limits to reduce risks to which the financial system can be exposed and its impact on the economy as a whole. Hence the importance of research in studying the impact of internal and external public debt components on indicators of stability of the financial system for the period 2005-2017 for the purpose of knowing the extent of the financial stability indicators response to the high level of the public debt from its optimum ratio, as the aim of the research is to estimate and analyze the dynamic relationship of short and long term between the components of public debt and indicators of financial stability using the (ARDL) model that

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 14 2022
Journal Name
Al-academy
Directorial visions and sociological adaptation of heritage in theatrical performance
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The theatrical performance has an aesthetic, artistic, technical and intellectual vision presented by the theatrical director according to the dualities of theatrical form and content, which depend on the uniformity and interconnection of theatrical elements, as the vision is integrated through the harmony and fusion of these elements and the flow of their coordination with an aesthetic system within the framework of the aesthetic space of the theatrical performance, and when the heritage is presented in the performance, as there will certainly be different readings of that heritage and moving away from the iconization of the event and highlighting it in a manner that is in line with the spirit of the age.
the (researcher) tries, t

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 30 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Employ the Knowledge Accumulation of Human Resources in Strategic Performance
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The main purpose of this research is to diagnose the role of the Knowledge Accumulation of Human Resources KAHR in Strategic Performance SP, and for that, the research was applied to the represented sample by the administrative leaders consisting of (108) individuals distributed according to their positions and the organizational structure of the ministry. Correlations, effects, and benefits from generalizing the results in the field of research. The research involved a mixed-methods approach through two stages. During the first stage, the researcher gathered quantitative data from a questionnaire. The second stage gathered qualitative data to explore the survey results more deeply by conducting individual interviews with a sub-sample of

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 09 2023
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Woman’s alleviation of the husband's burden in the prophetic Sunnah
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Glorify and Praise be to God, and prayers and peace be upon the Messenger of God, his family, companions, and those who are loyal to him.

The subject derives its significance from two important sources , the first one lies in  the Sunnah of the Prophet, while the other is the family source , which enrich  this subject with great importance.

As for the objective of the topic, it shows to the reader the prophetic bases  that mitigate and  ease the burden of the husband in a way that secures the marital happiness, so that the Muslim woman takes it as a path  for her in life and a slogan that illuminates the darkness of the path and makes her to overcom

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 26 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of accounting information in making capital budget decisions
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Faced economic units face the option of restoring the capital budget annually, and the information provided for the preparation of these budgets, including financial and non-financial aspects have an important impact in the numbers of these budgets, and these units differ in the ability of their own accounting systems to maintain this information. The aim of this research is to investigate the volume of accounting information that is relied on and the reasons for the differences between one unit and another in the various economic sectors in the Iraqi environment.

The most important results of the research is the weakness of the adoption of decision makers in the Iraqi environment and lack of sufficient attention in the decision-

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