Objective: This in vitro study is aimed to compare and evaluate the cyclic fatigue of four varying NiTi rotary instrumentation systems. Method: In this study, four types of rotary files were used in four groups (10 files for each group), namely, Group A: Wave One Gold; Group B: AF Blue R3; Group C: One Curve; Group D: F6 SkyTaper. These groups were evaluated by a cyclic fatigue apparatus to measure cyclic fatigue resistance within the artificial metallic simulating canal that has a 60 angle of curvature, the curvature radius was 5 mm, whereas the inner diameter of the canal was 1.5 mm. All the files were rotated in artificial canals until they fracture. The resistance to cyclic fatigue was determined by counting the number of cycles to frac

Estimation the unknown parameters of a two-dimensional sinusoidal signal model is an important and a difficult problem , The importance of this model  in modeling Symmetric gray- scale texture image . In this paper, we propose employment Deferential Evaluation algorithm and the use of Sequential approach to estimate the unknown frequencies and amplitudes of the 2-D sinusoidal components when the signal is affected by noise. Numerical simulation are performed for different sample size, and various level of standard deviation to observe the performance of this method in estimate the parameters of 2-D sinusoidal signal model , This model was used for modeling  the Symmetric gray scale texture image and estimating by using

The research aims at identifying the organizational performance of the kindergarten teachers and defines the educational environment of kindergarten children. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the organizational performance scale for (Saadi, 2016), which was applied to kindergarten teachers. The scale consists of (43) paragraphs, and has good reliability and validity, as the coefficient of reliability (84.0) in a retest method, and (87.0) using the formula Alpha Kronbach. Additionally, the researcher adopted the educational environment scale for (Radam, 2015); the scale consists of (66) paragraphs, and it enjoys a good reliability and validity, as the coefficient of reliability (89.0) method of reliability

The budget represents a critical accounting tool used for planning and control. It is considered a measure of the results expected to occur.

This study aims to identify the impact of the Kaizen Budget in reducing costs and continuous improvement on the General Company's operations for Light Industries. The research idea is based on the fact that preparing the budget based on constant improvement supports the higher management of people, processes, materials, and production methods, thus enabling them to manage and reduce their costs.

Research results that the prepared budget suffers from many shortages that limit the materials' usefulness for management

The study aimed to identify the effect of the ethical perception of a sample of managers in public organizations on responsible behavior in light of the rapid changes taking place in the external environment. To achieve this, the researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach by applying a questionnaire of two parts. The first part dealt with the ethical perception according to the scale of Johnson (2015), which consisted of (22) items. The second part dealt with measuring responsible behavior, which consisted of (20) items based on the scale of Development of Ethical Behavior (Narvaez, 2006) for a sample of (125) respondents randomly chosen. The results showed that the estimation degree of managers in public governmental o

The research aims to know the impact of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education on both creative thinking and mathematical achievement. To achieve it, the two researchers followed the quasi-experimental approach with an experimental design for two groups, one experimental and the other a control. The research sample consisted of (32) female students from the fourth scientific grade in Al-Intisar Preparatory School for Girls/ AlRasafa, First Directorate. The sample was chosen intentionally and was divided into two groups: a control group studying by the traditional method, their number (16), and an experimental group that applied the STEM approach, their number also (16). There was parity between the two research groups i