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the Planning and Management of Services in Rural Areas, AL-Gharraf sub-district in Dhi Qar Governorate, a case study.
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         Bringing about urban, economic, and social changes in rural areas similar to those occurring in urban areas aims to reduce urban-rural disparities by providing services in those areas, decentralizing the management of these services, expanding citizen participation in local governance (decentralized administration), and achieving comprehensive development, developing and empowering localities, and keeping pace with new transformations and their impacts on the functions of the center and localities. In fact, the lack of clarity of the role of local government in planning and managing services has hindered development plans, and declined the level of services in rural areas, and has negatively affected the comprehensive development process. However, local government contribute directly to the development of rural areas through participation in the preparation of local plans, and the management of various services in rural areas by their residents is more effective.

The research problem is summarized in the absence and lack of clarity of the role of local government in planning and managing services, which led to obstruction of development plans, and a decline in the level of services in rural areas and negatively affected the comprehensive development process.

 

The research hypothesized that local governments contribute directly to the development of rural areas through managing services in different rural areas, and that participation in preparing local plans will contribute to translating regional and national plans into realistic plans.

 

Within the theoretical framework of the research, the role of local governments (starting from the sub-district council to districts councils and provincial councils) was reviewed in identifying, evaluating needs and including them in development plans according to their priorities. The second part reviews the role of these local governments in managing and directing these services to achieve the desired public benefit and to develop rural areas.

As for the practical framework of the research, the Al-Gharraf sub-district of Al-Shatrah district was chosen as the focus of the practical study, which included studying the reality of community services and infrastructure services in rural villages and the urban center and the hierarchical relationship in the administrative and planning aspects between them in the sub-district, and in two directions:

 

  • Studying the status of the services provided in terms of spatial distribution, the type and quantity of services provided, and comparing them with the approved planning standards and citizens’ desires.
  • Studying the mechanism of the planning process for services and managing them at the local level, and the problems and obstacles facing this planning and administrative process in these areas.

 

Two questionnaires were prepared that relied on collecting data for the study area and surveying opinions for each segment (officials and citizens) and evaluating them about the availability and effectiveness of the process of planning and managing services in the study area based on a set of indicators

 

 that determine the level of services in rural areas.And for the purpose of achieving the goal of the research: -

 

 The research relied in proving its hypothesis on the descriptive-inductive approach in achieving its objectives, and finding appropriate solutions to enhance the process of planning and managing services in rural areas, by studying the role of local government, and the participation of citizens in the process of planning and managing services within the study area. And for the purpose of obtaining data and information about the study area, the researcher used the questionnaire form to collect information about the study area.

 

The most important results reached in this research are: - The need to advance the service reality of rural areas by distributing planning and administrative roles between the central government, local government, the private sector, and citizens in the process of planning and managing local services, and the distribution of joint powers and authorities between the Central and local governments on the basis of the local government taking over the management of local services, while the central government participates in the management of service projects of a national or local nature that requires achieving integration in management between the province and its region, or hierarchical services extending from the center to the region and districts, and the trend towards regionalization of some types of local services as a first step to address the phenomenon of spread and dispersal of services, and to achieve integration in providing them on the basis of organizing the levels of their provision (from the simple to the high level), with the adoption of the private sector as an alternative provider of all local services with redefining the concept of the relationship between the private sector, the provision of social services, and defining its role on the one hand, and building new types of relationships between local citizens and public service providers on the other hand, to ensure the reduced of the cost of providing the appropriate mix of required services

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Nano- And Electronic Physics
Photodetector Properties of Polyaniline/CuO Nanostructures Synthesized by Hydrothermal Technique
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In this work, pure and copper mixed oxide PAni nanofiber thin films are successfully synthesized on silicon substrates by hydrothermal method and spin coating technique at room temperature with thickness of about 325 nm. The structural, surface morphological, optical and photoconductivity properties have been investigated. The XRD results showed that PAni films have crystalline nature, CuO and PAni/CuO nanostructure composites are monoclinic polycrystalline structure. The FESEM images of PAni clearly indicate that it has nanofiber-like structure, whereas the CuO film has spongelike shape. The surface morphology analysis of PAni/CuO composite shows that nanofiber caped with inorganic material which is CuO is a core-shell structure. Op

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 26 2012
Journal Name
The First Scientific Conference The Collage Of Education For Pure Sciences
Solution of Third Order Ordinary BVPs Using Osculatory Interpolation Technique
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The aim of this paper is to present a method for solving third order ordinary differential equations with two point boundary condition , we propose two-point osculatory interpolation to construct polynomial solution. The original problem is concerned using two-points osculatory interpolation with the fit equal numbers of derivatives at the end points of an interval [0 , 1] . Also, many examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability, accuracy and efficiency of the method by compared with conventional method .

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2011
Journal Name
سومر
unpublished cuneiform texts from daynisty of larse (2005-1763 B.C)
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After the fall of the Third Dynasty of Ur at the hands of the Elamites during the reign of its last ruler, King Ibi-Sin, the Amorites continued to flow more into Mesopotamia in the form of large migrations that established a number of contemporary and conflicting ruling dynasties that formed the Old Babylonian era. Among these dynasties was the Larsa dynasty, founded by King Nablanum in the city of Larsa. The fourth king who ruled in the Larsa dynasty, Gungunum, was one of the most powerful kings who stood up to the Isin dynasty, which had until that time enjoyed great political superiority in the country. The kings who ruled after him expanded their influence and controlled a number of cities, especially the cities of Nippur and Uruk, whic

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 30 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Preparation of PPSU Hollow Fiber Nanofiltration Membranes for Nanofiltration Application
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PPSU hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes are prepared by applying two concentrations and various extrusion pressures according to the phase inversion method. Cross-sectional area and outer structures were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In additional to the pore size distribution, either the mean roughness or the mean pore size of the PPSU hollow fiber surfaces was evaluated by AFM. It was found that the morphology of the PPSU fibers had both sponge-like and finger-like structures through different extrusion pressures and PPSU concentrations. The mean pore size and mean roughness for inner and outer surfaces were seen to be decreased with the increase of extrusion pressure at

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 20 2018
Journal Name
Offshore Technology Conference Asia
Prediction of Hydrate Phase Equilibrium Conditions for Different Gas Mixtures
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Abstract<p>Gas hydrate formation poses a significant threat to the production, processing, and transportation of natural gas. Accurate predictions of gas hydrate equilibrium conditions are essential for designing the gas production systems at safe operating conditions and mitigating the problems caused by hydrates formation. A new hydrate correlation for predicting gas hydrate equilibrium conditions was obtained for different gas mixtures containing methane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The new correlation is proposed for a pressure range of 1.7-330 MPa, a temperature range of 273-320 K, and for gas mixtures with specific gravity range of 0.553 to 1. The nonlinear regression technique was applie</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri Sep 06 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparison of Some Wavelet Transformations to Estimate Nonparametric Regression Function
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The purpose of this article is to improve and minimize noise from the signal by studying wavelet transforms and showing how to use the most effective ones for processing and analysis. As both the Discrete Wavelet Transformation method was used, we will outline some transformation techniques along with the methodology for applying them to remove noise from the signal. Proceeds based on the threshold value and the threshold functions Lifting Transformation, Wavelet Transformation, and Packet Discrete Wavelet Transformation. Using AMSE, A comparison was made between them , and the best was selected. When the aforementioned techniques were applied to actual data that was represented by each of the prices, it became evident that the lift

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
Response of different cucumber hybrids to grafting on squash rootstock
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 31 2019
Journal Name
Engineering Journa
Flexural Moment Capacity Evaluation of Reinforced RPC Two-way Slabs
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The aim of this paper is to determine the flexural moment capacity of Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) two-way slabs based on three models proposed by previous studies (Model 1, Model 2, and Model 3). The results obtained from these models were compared with those obtained from experimental work to check the accuracy and the applicability of the adopted theoretical models. The experimental program included the testing of three simply supported RPC two-way slabs (1000x1000x70) mm each. The tested specimens had identical properties except their steel fibres volume ratios (0.5 %, 1 %, and 1.5 %). The comparison with the experimental data showed that (Model 3) is the most suitable one among the three models. Model 1 was found to underestimate the

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
COVID-19 Translated Messages: Arabic Speakers’ Acceptability of Lexical Choices
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Worldwide, there is an increased reliance on COVID-19-related health messages to curb the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, it is vital to provide a well-prepared and authentic translation of English-language messages to reach culturally and linguistically diverse audiences. However, few studies, if any, focus on how non-English-speaking readers receive and linguistically accept the lexical choices in the messages translated into their language. The present study tested a sample of translated Arabic COVID-19-related texts that were obtained from the World Health Organization and Australian New South Wales Health websites. This study investigated to that extent Arabic readers would receive translated COVID-19 health messages and whether the t

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 15 2022
Journal Name
Knowledge And Information Systems
Multiresolution hierarchical support vector machine for classification of large datasets
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Support vector machine (SVM) is a popular supervised learning algorithm based on margin maximization. It has a high training cost and does not scale well to a large number of data points. We propose a multiresolution algorithm MRH-SVM that trains SVM on a hierarchical data aggregation structure, which also serves as a common data input to other learning algorithms. The proposed algorithm learns SVM models using high-level data aggregates and only visits data aggregates at more detailed levels where support vectors reside. In addition to performance improvements, the algorithm has advantages such as the ability to handle data streams and datasets with imbalanced classes. Experimental results show significant performance improvements in compa

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