The purpose of this study is to describe the extent and nature of informal tenure practices in urban areas in Iraq, through undertaking a rapid assessment in Baghdad city. The UN-HABITAT 2008 publication Secure Land Rights for All discusses the importance of access and rights to land throughout the developing world. Secure land rights are critical to development and poverty reduction, and the greatest challenge in providing secure land rights are in urban areas, where overcrowding can lead to a number of informal tenure practices ranging from individually unregistered or unauthorised housing, to large informal settlements. Access to land is a fundamental basis for human shelter, food production, and other economic activity. Secure rights to land encourage people to invest in improved dwellings, and the land itself. Secure land rights also enable people to access public services and sources of credit. Yet, land everywhere is under pressure from population growth and economic development. Land that is in demand for residential use also attracts increasing commercial interest, and the higher returns commercial builders and sometimes taxes can generate for governments can crowd out those looking for homes. In addition to this, unprecedented numbers of people are moving to urban areas, but at the same time few of these urban areas – particularly in the developing world – have been planned to absorb these influxes of people. The result is a growing urbanization of poverty, a growth of slums, and a rapid rise in the number of people worldwide without land tenure, tenure security, or property rights
The intestinal mucositis define as inflammation and ulceration in the gastrointestinal tract wall and in some case in the oral cavity these cause by treatment with antineoplastic drug like 5-fluorouracil and Irinotecan and other types of chemotherapeutics drugs , 5-Fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis (IM) is consider as one of the more common tumor issue .it cause series of undesirables symptoms like severe diarrhea ,abdominal pain , stomach uncomfortable and other. The aim of this current study to see how ellagic acid act to Attenuates 5-FU-Induced Intestinal Mucositis and Diarrhea in Mice . we induced the intestinal mucositis by injected the mice intraperitoneally in 5-fluorouracil about 50mg per kg daily for
... Show MoreThis research aims to learn about public relations programs and their role to enhance the morale of the State land Transport Company employees.The researcher relied on the survey method and use a questionnaire and scale tools to collect information from workers in the Department of Relations and Media and employees in all departments.
The research reached several conclusions, including:
1- Public relations seek to increase workers’ confidence in senior management and motivate them to improve their production, as well as their relentless endeavor to bring workers closer by following multiple and varied forms of communication with them.
2- The results of the study showed that there was a negative i
Objective(s): To assess nurses' practices for neurological unconscious patients in intensive care units.
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted that included (50) nurse who are working in intensive care
units in hospitals and departments of the nervous system in (4) hospitals (neuroscience hospital, teaching
neurosurgical hospital, surgical specialist hospital, and sheck zaied hospital) in Baghdad city from March, 30th
,
2009 to July, 30th 2009 for the purpose of assessing their skills towards unconscious patients. A purposive "nonprobability
sample" was selected that consisted of (50) nurse who are working in intensive care units. A
questionnaire format and observational checklist were used which consist of
In this study, stabilization of expansive soils using waste materials namely; Cement Kiln Dust (CKD), and waste plastic bottles (WPB) was experimentally investigated. Using CKD and WPB are exponentially increasing day by day, due to their capability to solve both environmental and geotechnical problems successfully. Expansive soils were collected from locations with a wide range of plasticity index (PI) (15 - 27) and liquid limit (LL) (35% - 64%). Stabilizer percentages were varied from 0% to 20%, and curing durations for CKD cases were 7 and 28 days. Results showed the best percentages of CKD and WPB are 12% of each one respectively. LL, plastic limit (PL), and swelling percent (SP) loss were observed, which are 46%, 55%, and 96% respec
... Show MoreABSTRACT
Agricultural production, food security and safety, public health animal welfare, access to markets and alleviation of rural poverty have been achieved by controlling on veterinary services to prevent animal disease. World organization for animal health guidelines focus on controlling of animal disease which depends on good governance and veterinary services quality. The aim of veterinary services is controlling and preventing animal disease some of other aspects; it's responsibility of early detection, rapid response to outbreaks of emerging or re-emerging animal disease, optimizing quality and effectiveness of disease
... Show MoreOut of 180 children, 60 (33.3%) have Amoebiasis infection as diagnosed by direct wet smear and Saturated Salt Solution (SSS). SSS method is more significant (P=0.001) in diagnosis of the disease. Number of children infected with Amoebiasis infection is higher in infants aged 1-6 months, but without any significant difference to ages 6-12 or 12-18 months. In contrast, infants aged 18-24 months are significantly differant (P=0.01) as the infection rate is 16.6%. Gender also is seen to be reduced in significance (P= 0.001) for females aged 18-24 months. Blood profile of the involved infants has shown a significant variation (P=0. 01) for all blood profile parameters (RBC (P=0.05), WBC (P=0.001), Lymphocytes (P=0.05), Granulated WBC (P=0.05),
... Show MoreThe study highlights the rivalry of foreign interests in Iraq, especially after the establishment of the monarchy in 1921. This period was characterized by extensive American activity in Iraq in general and Baghdad in particular. This activity increased after the Americans obtained the concession which came in the light of Article IV of the 1930 Treaty. Which officially guaranteed US interests in Iraq. The research also discussed the efforts of the Jesuit Fathers in Baghdad to convert the Church of Wisdom from a place of worship and rites of the Christian religion to a school of the propagation of science and culture along the lines of American schools, College Baghdad), which has become an important school in Baghd
In this research an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique was applied for the prediction of Ryznar Index (RI) of the flowing water from WTPs in Al-Karakh side (left side) in Baghdad city for year 2013. Three models (ANN1, ANN2 and ANN3) have been developed and tested using data from Baghdad Mayoralty (Amanat Baghdad) including drinking water quality for the period 2004 to 2013. The results indicate that it is quite possible to use an artificial neural networks in predicting the stability index (RI) with a good degree of accuracy. Where ANN 2 model could be used to predict RI for the effluents from Al-Karakh, Al-Qadisiya and Al-Karama WTPs as the highest correlation coefficient were obtained 92.4, 82.9 and 79.1% respectively. For
... Show MoreObjectives: To assess levels of premenstrual psychological disorders of the students in Bab Al-Mua’dham Complex and to find out the relationship between the levels of premenstrual psychological and physical disorders and some demographic characteristics of the students. Methodology: A descriptive study was accomplished throughout the period from the 1st of October, 2015 to the 8th of July, 2016 to assess the psychological and physical problems. A purposive sample of 313 students distributed among different colleges of Bab Al-Mua’dam complex distributed as following: 82 students are from college of Arts; 79 students are from College of Languages; 48 students are from college of Islamic Sciences: and 104 are from College of Nursing. For t
... Show MoreAn investigation was provided in this work for the host range of brown soft scale Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus in Baghdad Province. Five plant species were found infected by this insect, three of these species, Citrusaurantium L. (Rutaceae); Nerium oleander L. (Apocynaceae); Ficuscarica L. (Moraceae) reported earlier, and the remaining two, Dahlia pinnata Cav. (Asteraceae) and Myrtuscommunis L. (Myrtaceae) are recordedhere for the first time as host plants for this pest.