In the early 90s military operations and United Nations Special Commission “UNSCOM” teams have been destroyed the past Iraqi chemical program. Both operations led an extensive number of scattered remnants of contaminated areas. The quantities of hazardous materials, incomplete destructed materials, and toxic chemicals were sealed in two bunkers. Deficiency of appropriate destruction technology led to spreading the contamination around the storage site. This paper aims to introduce the environmental detection of the contamination in the storage site area using geospatial analysis technique. The environmental contamination level of nutrients and major ions such as sulphate (SO₄), potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesi

The Central Marshes are one of southern Iraq's most important wetlands and ecosystems. A study on evaluating soil quality and water quality in terms of chemical properties at certain sites in the southern Iraqi Central Marshes has been conducted to investigate their types and suitability for enhancing the agricultural reality of most field crops. Soil and water samples were collected from 15 sites and transferred to the laboratory. In the lab, the following parameters were determined: electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved salts (TDS), organic materials (OM), pH, gypsum, and total sulfate content (SO₃). The tests conducted on the samples indicated that it could be said that the soil of the Central Marshes

The aim of this paper is to determine the significant levels of some heavy metals such: lead, chromium, nickel and cadmium, were determined. Sources of pollution and their distribution according to presence of elements in the soils over the whole zone of the province of Maysan in southern of Iraq were investigated 36 soil samples from different zones: residential, industrial, commercial, agricultural and main roads, were collected from the soil surface and a depth of 30 cm and analyzed measuring of concentrations for heavy metals by a device ICP-MS technique. The results were compared with global standard levels of these elements in the soil.

Stability of laminated plate under thermal load varied linearly along thickness, is developed using a higher order displacement field which depend on a parameter “m”, whose value is optimized to get results closest to three-dimension elasticity results. Hamilton, s principle is used to derive equations of motion for laminated plates. These equations are solved using Navier-type for simply supported boundary conditions to obtain non uniform critical thermal buckling and fundamental frequency under a ratio of this load. Many design parameters of cross ply and angle ply laminates such as, number of layers, aspect ratios and E1/E2 ratios for thick and thin plates are investigated. It is observed that linear and uniform distribution of

In the present work, steady two – dimensional laminar natural convection heat transfer of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids inside isosceles triangular enclosure has been analyzed numerically for a wide range of the modified Rayleigh numbers of (10³ ≤ Ra ≤ 10⁵), with non-dimensional parameter (NE) of Prandtl – Eyring model ranging from (0 to 10), and modified Prandtl number take in the range (Pr* =1,10, and 100). Two types of boundary conditions have been considered. The first, when the inclined walls are heated with different uniform temperatures and the lower wall is insulated. The second, when the bottom wall is heated by applying a uniform heat flux while the inclined walls at

Non-additive measures and corresponding integrals originally have been introduced by Choquet in 1953 (1) and independently defined by Sugeno in 1974 (2) in order to extend the classical measure by replacing the additivity property to non-additive property. An important feature of non –additive measures and fuzzy integrals is that they can represent the importance of individual information sources and interactions among them. There are many applications of non-additive measures and fuzzy integrals such as image processing, multi-criteria decision making, information fusion, classification, and pattern recognition. This paper presents a mathematical model for discussing an application of non-additive measures and corresp

The purpose of our work is to report a theoretical study of electrons tunneling through semiconductor superlattice (SSL). The (SSL) that we have considered is (GaN/AlGaN) system within the energy range of ε < Vo, ε = Vo and ε > Vo, where Vo is the potential barrier height. The transmission coefficient (TN) was determined using the transfer matrix method. The resonant energies are obtained from the T (E) relation. From such system, we obtained two allowed quasi-levels energy bands for ε < VO and one band for ε  VO.

The purpose of our work is to report a theoretical study of electrons tunneling through semiconductor superlattice (SSL). The (SSL) that we have considered is (GaN/AlGaN) system within the energy range of ε < Vo, ε = Vo and ε > Vo, where Vo is the potential barrier height. The transmission coefficient (TN) was determined using the transfer matrix method. The resonant energies are obtained from the T (E) relation. From such system, we obtained two allowed quasi-levels energy bands for ε < VO and one band for ε  VO.