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Heat Transfer Analysis of Conventional Round Tube and Microchannel Condensers in Automotive Air Conditioning System
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In this paper, an experimental analysis of conventional air-cooled and microchannel condensers in automotive vapor compression refrigeration cycle concerning heat transfer coefficient and energy using R134a as a refrigerant was presented. The performance of two condensers and cycles tested regarding ambient temperature which it was varied from 40oC to 65oC, while the indoor temperature and load have been set to be 23oC and 2200 W respectively. Results showed that the microchannel condenser has 224 % and 77 % higher refrigerant side and air side heat transfer coefficient respectively than the coefficients of the conventional condenser. Thus, the COP, in case of using the microchannel condenser, was found to be 20 % higher than that of the conventional cycle. Also, the microchannel condenser has a 50 % smaller volume than the conventional. Therefore, it provides more space in the car engine container occupied with other components.

 

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 17 2024
Journal Name
Evolutionary Studies In Imaginative Culture
The Effect of the Siberian Air Altitude on the Characteristics of the Climate of the Northern Arabian Peninsula
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The field of climatic geography focuses on the study of the Earth's surrounding atmosphere, particularly the lower (surface) part close to the Earth's surface. This field examines the interactions within the atmosphere resulting from the solar radiation that reaches the Earth and the subsequent distribution of atmospheric pressure. Consequently, certain surface pressure systems, both high and low, emerge and vary in their temporal and spatial impacts on the climate of the Arabian Peninsula. Therefore, it is essential to conduct a comprehensive and detailed study to understand the causes, development, movement, geographical distribution, and monthly and seasonal recurrence of these pressure systems. For this purpose, a minor climatic

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 14 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Cell Surface Expression of 70 KDa Heat Shock Proteins and P21 in Normal Oral Mucosa, Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (An Immunohistochemical Study)
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Background: Oral SCC is a complex malignancy where environmental factors, viral infections and genetic alterations most likely interact, and thus give rise to the malignant condition. The HSP70 play a direct role in apoptosis inhibition by aligning the improved integrity of a cell’s proteins with the improved chances of that particular cell’s survival.P21 gene produces p21 protein which is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that plays a significant role in carcinogenesis. The aims of the study were to evaluate and compare the immun-histochemical expression of the HSP70 and cell cycle protein p21in NOM, OED, and OSCC. Correlate both marker expressions with each other. Materials and methods: Forty six formalin-fixed, par

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2013
Journal Name
Advances In Physics Theories And Applications
Analysis and Assessment of Essential Toxic Heavy Metals, PH and EC in Ishaqi River and Adjacent Soil
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This research was conducted to determine content levels of heavy metal pollution. Samples taken from Ishaqi River bank and adjacent agricultural soils area, in ten sites, distributed along 48 km of the Ishaqi River, north Baghdad. The evaluated metals were Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Chromium, Cadmium, Vanadium and Lead. PH and Electric Conductivity (EC) were measured to evaluate the acidity and (EC). Results showed that most site were contaminated with metals evaluated. Among these metals, Zn, Mn, Fe and Ni were consistently higher in all the samples (both river bank and adjacent soil) followed by PB, CU, V, Cd, Co and Cr. The level concentrations of river bank were almost higher than that of adjacent soil. As will be re

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Craniofacial Surgery
Evaluation the Efficacy of Hilotherm Cooling System in Reducing Postoperative Pain and Edema in Maxillofacial Traumatized Patients and Orthognathic Surgeries
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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
THE SIZES OF CITIES IN URBAN SYSTEM AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT -AN APPLIED RESEARCH OF KERBLA GOVERNORATE -
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There is a relationship between the sizes of urban centers and regional
development, concerning the role that these centers are playing in
developmental process.
The research assume that the urban system in the governorate, has
been affected by the external environment due to the religious dominance of
Kerbla city.
The research is composed of three sections, the first is a theoretical
background, which focus upon the general directions of the models and
theories that have a relationship with the subject. The second is a practical
part aims at determination the characteristics of the sizes of the cities in the
governorate. Depending upon of previous part, i.e., the practical part section three deals with

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 29 2025
Journal Name
Iasj- Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals
Analysis of Unstressed Pronouns in ELE Teaching Manuals in Iraq
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This paper shows that there are few studies on errors and difficulties with unstressed pronouns in Spanish. Similarly, when consulting teaching methods, we find that the most consulted texts are ELE manuals. In this sense, the purpose of this paper is to verify the teaching proposal regarding unstressed pronouns in the ELE manuals most used at the Faculty of Languages - University of Baghdad, Iraq. It is urgently needed for ELE teachers in Iraq and students to obtain the most recent ELE manuals, as this will help them teach and learn about unstressed pronouns with texts that contain more didactic and engaging exercises. Furthermore, teachers will be able to plan strategies and lessons for the correct use of these texts.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Dictionaries in the News.. In the light of Semiotic analysis,
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We refer in this research into linguistic binaries, try rounding of simiaei news analysis. It is known that there are branches of Linguistics called social Linguistics, divided into communicative Linguistics and media. Perhaps the best justification for the inclusion of a new curriculum in media studies is a semiotic analysis of the news. I›ve turned the speech, language and communication studies in relation to different disciplines, many research projects, and returned only old curriculum, speed shift in thought, proportional to the revolution in information and communication technology, for reality imposed on the entire world, researchers are the first affected by this enormous humanitarian Almanza. Alsimiaaeon still shy away from an

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 31 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Study of the Performance of Paraffin Wax as a Phase Change Material in Packed Bed Thermal Energy Storage System
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The present work deals with an experimental investigation of charging and discharging processes in thermal storage system using a phase change material PCM. Paraffin wax was used as the PCM which is formed in spherical capsules and packed in a cylindrical packed column which acted as an energy storage system. Air was used as the heat transfer fluid HTF in thermal storage unit. The effect of flow rate and inlet temperature of HTF on the time of charging and discharging process were studied. The results showed that the faster storage of thermal energy can be made by high flow rate of heat transfer fluid HTF and high inlet temperature of heat transfer fluid. It was found that at 65°C HTF inlet temperature, the melting and solidification pr

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 01 2023
Journal Name
Heat Transfer
A tubular solar still integrated with a heat pipe
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Abstract<p>The aim of this work is to explore the thermal performance of a tracked tubular solar still (TSS) with a parabolic trough concentrator in Baghdad (33.27° N, 44.37° E) in September 2022. The present tubular still is distinguished by its hexagonal glass cover. The effect of integrating the TSS with a heat pipe, the still tilt angle (10°, 15°), and the depth of saline water inside the still partitions on the productivity of freshwater are investigated. The results showed that using heat pipe enhances the freshwater productivity by 25%–40% and the efficiency by 25%. For the still integrated with heat pipe, as the water depth is increased from 5.5 to 6.5 cm the productivity of freshwater is incre</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Tue Aug 16 2022
Journal Name
Heat Transfer
Experimental study on thermo‐hydraulic performance of metal foam twisted tape in a double pipe heat exchanger
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Abstract<p>A recent study compared experimentally the hydraulic and thermal activity of twisted tape inserts for two types, metal foam twisted tape (MFTT) and traditional twisted tape (TTT), in a double pipe heat exchanger. The investigation goal of the innovatively designed MFTT is to enhance the heat transfer process, which provides a higher thermal enhancement factor over those of TTT under the same conditions. Heat transfer activity in terms of Nusselt number (<italic>Nu</italic>) and Nusselt number ratio (<italic>Nu</italic>/<italic>Nu</italic><sub>o</sub>) as the heat exchanger equipped with the proposed MFTT and TTT inserts with various tape‐twist ratios (<i></i></p> ... Show More
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