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Cost of Optimum Design of Trunk Mains Network Using Geographical Information System and Support Programs
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Sewer network is one of the important utilities in modern cities which discharge the sewage from all facilities. The increase of population numbers consequently leads to the increase in water consumption; hence waste water generation. Sewer networks work is very expensive and need to be designed accurately. Thus construction effective sewer network system with minimum cost is very necessary to handle waste water generation.

 In this study trunk mains networks design was applied which connect the pump stations together by underground pipes for too long distances. They usually have large diameters with varying depths which consequently need excavations and gathering from pump stations and transport the sewage to final waste water treatment plant. This situation urges to decrease the cost to minimum with efficient design of its performance. The aim of this research is minimizing the cost of all sewer components of trunk mains which are lengths, diameters, and volume of excavation with maintaining its performance.

In this research, the utilization of GIS (Geographical Information System) software and VBA (Visual Basic for Application) which is integrated with GIS was used to implement the MST (Minimum Spanning Tree) algorithm to create a visual basic computer program that was used to find the minimum total lengths of the trunk mains in a sewer network.

This method was applied on selected areas in Al-Mansour municipality where there is an existing sewer system containing trunk mains and pump stations. Total lengths of the existing trunk mains are calculated and later, the proposed method was implemented to find the minimum total lengths, with a difference in total lengths of (12601 m).

The new network used to design a proposed sewer system using the computer program SewerGemsV8i, which can be integrated with GIS. New pipes diameters and slopes were calculated by supplying the necessary information that is needed by the computer program.

New sewer system was designed which gave more reliable and economical aspects than the existing one. These results clearly show that when comparing the costs.

 

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2022
Journal Name
Fuel
Experimental evaluation of Carbon Dioxide-Assisted Gravity Drainage process (CO2-AGD) to improve oil recovery in reservoirs with strong water drive
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 29 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Degree to which Islamic Education Teachers Employ the Strategy of Directed Discovery in Teaching to Develop Higher-Order Thinking Skills
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The study aimed to know the degree to which Islamic education teachers employ the strategy of directed discovery in teaching to develop higher thinking skills (analysis, synthesis, and evaluation) among sixth-grade students at the basic stage in East Nile Province, Khartoum State - Sudan. The researcher used the descriptive-analytical method, and adopted a questionnaire that consisted of (15) indicators representing the skills of analysis, synthesis, and evaluation as a tool of the study. A random sample of (175) Islamic education teachers was selected, from the Department of Basic Education. The data were analyzed according to the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) program, and the results of the study have shown that the u

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 25 2025
Journal Name
مجلة كلية التربية
A Multi-modal Critical Discourse Analysis of Selected English Political Cartoons تحليل خطاب نقدي متعدد الوسائط لرسوم كاريكاتورية سياسية إنجليزية مختارة
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This study analyses six political cartoons selected based on their relevance to current Iraqi political issues, specifically the period between 2005 and 2015, from American online newspapers (calgecartooms.com). The selection criteria included the cartoons' satirical elements, visual rhetoric, and their ability to engage with themes such as power dynamics, social issues, and public opinion. It sheds light on how these cartoons can function as mediators of meanings between the cartoonists and the readers. The data is examined using multimodal discourse analysis (MDA), which combines language study with the analysis of other visual elements, like colors, gestures, and images, to understand meaning (O’Halloran et al., 2011). The Visual Socia

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 15 2021
Journal Name
Plant Archives
AN ECONOMIC STUDY TO MEASURE THE IMPACT OF THE MAIN VARIABLES ON RURAL POVERTY IN IRAQ FOR THE PERIOD 1990-2019
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Publication Date
Wed May 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of International Society Of Preventive And Community Dentistry
Effect of Incorporating Chitosan to Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement on Shear Bond Strength to Dentin (An In vitro Comparative Study)
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A<sc>bstract</sc> <sec> <title>Aim:

Resin-modified glass ionomer cement tends to shrink due to polymerization of the resin component. Additionally, they are more prone to syneresis and imbibition during the setting process. This in vitro study evaluates the impact of chitosan, a biopolymer that is, both biomaterial and biocompatible, on the strength of dentin bonding and compares it with ACTIVA Bio-ACTIVE Restorative. The present study was aimed to assess the impact of including chitosan into Fuji II on the shear bond strength between. the restoration material and tooth dentin,

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 07 2019
Journal Name
Open Access Macedonian Journal Of Medical Sciences
Chromogenic in Situ Hybridization Technique versus Immunohistochemistry in Assessment of HER2/neu Status in 448 Iraqi Patients with Invasive Breast Carcinoma
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BACKGROUND: The rapidly growing knowledge regarding factors controlling tumour growth, with the new modalities of therapy acting on the biological activity of the tumours draw the attention of most cancer researches nowadays and represent a major focus for clinical oncology practice. For the detection of HER2/neu protein overexpression and gene amplification, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in-situ hybridisation (ISH) is the recommended techniques, respectively, with high concordance between the two techniques. The current United Kingdom recommendations for HER2/neu testing are either for a two-tier system using IHC with reflex ISH testing in equivocal positive cases, or a one-tier ISH strategy. AIM: To compare the results of HER2/neu gene s

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 15 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Impact of Gross Domestic Product Response to the Money Supply Shock in the Iraqi Economy for the Period (2004-2021)
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The research aims to clarify the response of the GDP to the M1 shock. It includes access to the results using standard methods, where the standard model was built according to quarterly data using the program STATA 17. According to the joint integration model ARDL, the research found a long-term equilibrium positive for the relationship between GDP and the money supply in Iraq, as the change in the money supply by a certain percentage will lead to a change in GDP by about 71% of that percentage. In the event of a shock in the Iraqi economy, the impact of the M1 will differ from what it was before the shock, as the shock will increase its effectiveness towards GDP by about 10% more than before the shock. At the same time, the relationship

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Creative Formation in the Poetry of Thafer Bin Qasim Al-Haddad (529 A.H) (Creative Ingenuity as Model): خلود هاشم جوحي الوائلي
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Through research and research in the creative composition in the poetry of Zafer-Alhaddad it turned out to be superior in its systems, especially that he chose a linguistic and verbal texture accompanied by a cultural dictionary full of creativity and beauty helped this culture arrangement reflects the poetically wonderful and beautiful custom led to the harmony of colors and bodies painted by the poet brush the creative artist evaluates the metaphorical and metaphorical relations that would explain the poets idea, most of which were inspired by the wonderful spirit of nature, its beautiful landscapes and bright colors, especially that we do not forget the beautiful colors and the aesthetic touch that created a fascinating musical intera

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 27 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of an Instructional Program Concerning Healthy Lifestyle on Patients’ Attitudes after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention at Cardiac Centers in Baghdad City
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Abstract:

Objective: The study’s aim to evaluate the effectiveness of instructional program about healthy lifestyle on patients’ attitudes after undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methodology: Quasi-experimental design/ has been utilized for the current study starting from December 2018 to March 2020 to achieve the objectives of the study. Non-probability (purposive) sample of 60 patients was divided into intervention and control groups. Data were analyzed by the application of descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

Results: findings reported that before intervention both study and control groups demonstrated low total mean of score relat

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2017
Journal Name
International Journal Of Science And Research
Precise Solutions of a Viscoelastic Fluid Flow in an Annular Pipe under an Impulsive Pressure with the Fractional Generalized Burgers' Model
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This paper deals with an analytical study of the flow of an incompressible generalized Burgers’ fluid (GBF) in an annular pipe. We discussed in this problem the flow induced by an impulsive pressure gradient and compare the results with flow due to a constant pressure gradient. Analytic solutions for velocity is earned by using discrete Laplace transform (DLT) of the sequential fractional derivatives (FD) and finite Hankel transform (FHT). The influences of different parameters are analyzed on a velocity distribution characteristics and a comparison between two cases is also presented, and discussed in details. Eventually, the figures are plotted to exhibit these effects.

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