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Cost of Optimum Design of Trunk Mains Network Using Geographical Information System and Support Programs
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Sewer network is one of the important utilities in modern cities which discharge the sewage from all facilities. The increase of population numbers consequently leads to the increase in water consumption; hence waste water generation. Sewer networks work is very expensive and need to be designed accurately. Thus construction effective sewer network system with minimum cost is very necessary to handle waste water generation.

 In this study trunk mains networks design was applied which connect the pump stations together by underground pipes for too long distances. They usually have large diameters with varying depths which consequently need excavations and gathering from pump stations and transport the sewage to final waste water treatment plant. This situation urges to decrease the cost to minimum with efficient design of its performance. The aim of this research is minimizing the cost of all sewer components of trunk mains which are lengths, diameters, and volume of excavation with maintaining its performance.

In this research, the utilization of GIS (Geographical Information System) software and VBA (Visual Basic for Application) which is integrated with GIS was used to implement the MST (Minimum Spanning Tree) algorithm to create a visual basic computer program that was used to find the minimum total lengths of the trunk mains in a sewer network.

This method was applied on selected areas in Al-Mansour municipality where there is an existing sewer system containing trunk mains and pump stations. Total lengths of the existing trunk mains are calculated and later, the proposed method was implemented to find the minimum total lengths, with a difference in total lengths of (12601 m).

The new network used to design a proposed sewer system using the computer program SewerGemsV8i, which can be integrated with GIS. New pipes diameters and slopes were calculated by supplying the necessary information that is needed by the computer program.

New sewer system was designed which gave more reliable and economical aspects than the existing one. These results clearly show that when comparing the costs.

 

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Publication Date
Wed May 01 2019
Journal Name
The Iraqi Journal For Information And Documentation Studies
The role and importance of scientific research in creating new knowledge and its impact on developing the cognitive capabilities of information and librarians and their Employees
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The research aims at identifying the importance of scientific research for researchers and in creating new knowledge، development and utilization of mental and cognitive energies and developed them with the ability to research، extrapolation، meditation and then conclusion. The information was collected by interviewing the Secretary-General of the Central Library and by distributing questionnaire forms to the (33) teaching staff of the College of Higher Education. The responses of the society were analyzed the result and the recommendations were the most important 1. Information specialist and all employees of the administrators and technicians in the centers of information sources (libraries) and in the field are considered scientific r

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 18 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Emerging Technologies In Learning (ijet)
The Effectiveness of Educational Pillars Based on Vygotsky's Theory in Achievement and Information Processing Among First Intermediate Class Students
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The aim of the research is to identify the effectiveness of the educational pillars strategy based on Vygotsky's theory in mathematical achievement and information processing of first-grade intermediate students. In pursuit of the research objectives, the experimental method was used, and the quasi-experimental design was used for two equivalent groups, one control group taught traditionally and the other experi-mental taught according to the educational pillars strategy. The research sample consisted of (66) female students from the first intermediate grade, who were inten-tionally chosen after ensuring their equivalence, taking into account several factors, most notably chronological age and their level of mathematics, and they we

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Publication Date
Thu May 14 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
“The role of parametric approach in design highest climatic performance buildings: local housing design patterns as a sample”
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In light of increasing demand for energy consumption due to life complexity and its requirements, which reflected on architecture in type and size, Environmental challenges have emerged in the need to reduce emissions and power consumption within the construction sector. Which urged designers to improve the environmental performance of buildings by adopting new design approaches, Invest digital technology to facilitate design decision-making, in short time, effort and cost. Which doesn’t stop at the limits of acceptable efficiency, but extends to the level of (the highest performance), which doesn’t provide by traditional approaches that adopted by researchers and local institutions in their studies and architectural practices, limit

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 30 2007
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Computer Aided Design for Spray Driers
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The aim of this work is to develop an axi-symmetric two dimensional model based on a coupled simplified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Lagrangian method to predict the air flow patterns and drying of particles.  Then using this predictive tool to design more efficient spray dryers. The approach to this is to model what particles experience in the drying chamber with respect to air temperature and humidity. These histories can be obtained by combining the particles trajectories with the air temperature/humidity pattern in the spray dryer. Results are presented and discussed in terms of the air velocity, temperature, and humidity profiles within the chambers and compared for drying of a 42.5% solids solution in a spray chamber

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 19 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of The Iraqi University
The experience of providing selective broadcasting of information in the library of the Institute of Management / Rusafa
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The selective information broadcasting service is one of the important services in libraries and information centers, as it is the link between the source and the beneficiary and between related sources, as it links similar sources through keywords and then sends them to beneficiaries, which contributes to reducing the time and effort spent by beneficiaries in obtaining sources or information. Therefore, the application of this service is an important matter and gives a positive indicator in the progress of the library towards the integration of its services. From this standpoint, this research came to answer some questions, including: 1. What are the outlets for beneficiaries (the research community) in obtaining information sources? 2. Wh

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Design and Implementation of a Microstrip Six-Port Reflectometer (SPR) with Enhanced Bandwidth
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A compact microstrip six-port reflectometer (SPR) with extended bandwidth is proposed in this paper. The design is based on using 16-dB multi-section coupled line directional couplers and a multi-section 3-dB Wilkinson power divider operating from 1 to 6 GHz. The proposed SPR employs only two calibration standards: a matched load and an open load. As compared to other dielectric substrates, fabricating the proposed SPR involves using a low-cost (FR4) substrate. A novel algorithm is also proposed to estimate the complex reflection coefficient over the frequency ranges at which the standard performance of the circuit components is not fully satisfied. The new algorithm is based on the circles’ intersection points, which have been de

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
2nd International Conference On Materials Engineering & Science (iconmeas 2019)
FEM analysis and design of permanent magnet disk type magneto-rheological (MR) valve
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 15 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
Kinetic diversity and its effectiveness in the formal variables of industrial product design
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The formal diversity in designs is achieved by creating shapes and lines with a distinct movement pattern, which are preceded by mental processes. The greatest source of diversity in design in general and industrial design in particular is the creation of multiple directions for the completion of designs and the diversification of intellectual proposals for the design idea. The human activity that takes place around us in various fields of life takes place due to the diversity of movement in the form of the design product and its effectiveness through the dynamic diversity in the form, which differs in the methods of designing and showing it. He invents material value as a distinct artistic product that he owns A specific form or system

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 15 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
Reading beauty through the views of philosophers and its reflection in graphic design
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The creative production of the philosophy of beauty in artistic works constitutes a step towards development and progress by meeting the growing and changing needs of humanity according to various factors, including those related to the human situation and others related to technical outputs, as well as the multiplicity of the field for the emergence of new artistic currents and movements concerned with graphic production and communication and communication processes that It is associated with imagination and freedom from social and cultural constraints, in which the design production seeks to link more realistic intellectual contents with the achievements of the creative artwork as a communication system to involve the recipient (the vi

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Publication Date
Sat May 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Design of Optical Fibers and Calculate their Guided Modes Properties at 1550 nm
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Abstract<p>There is no doubt that optical fiber technology is one of the most important stages of the communications revolution at all and it is of utmost importance in our daily life. In this work, five fibers with core radii 2.5, 4.5 and 6.5–8.5 μm were designed. The properties of all guided modes have been calculated at a wavelength of 1550 nm by using RP Fiber Calculator. A single-mode fiber is obtained when the core radius approaches the wavelength. As the core radius is increased, the fiber becomes a multimode. The percentage power in the core increases with increasing core radius. The modes profiles were illustrated and compared with the modern references.</p>
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