The Urban Residential has developed and changed in different periods of time with successive and gradual shifts, as it cast a shadow over the characterization of modern urbanism in Iraq. The semi-total absence of the governing legislation of urbanization as well as the weakness of the State's role of supervisory in addition to neglecting urban heritage contributed in offering a strange environment  in relation to its traditional identity.  That was increased by the pressure of the using urban environment as a result of the increasing of population as well as the growth of people’s needs. The research aims to provide an objective view for a mechanism of the application of urban legislation to monitor the implementation o

Abstract : This research has tackled about the role of Russia in the international policies which concerning with energy , So the most important states in the world that possesses huge energy resources to be more able in the control over the reality and future production programs and the distribution of global energy alike , the latter had effectively influence on the economic and developmental aspects within many countries in the world and its impacts on political decisions and perhaps effected too much in the dimensions of strategic policies . In this context of research , Russia has been developed a high energy policy of strategic planning in order to restoring Russia position and its global role by using its potential powerful streng

The subject of the listen to the voice of the customer of topics relatively new in management thought, as it won the attention of many organizations of different types, because it is important to achieve success and to continue and superiority to them, so there is a need to study this term in the Iraqi organizations and try to diagnose the implementation of the study sample to listen voice of the Customer and its

Research aims to know the impact beyond the defined in the collection. The research community is the second school students at Baghdad University and a research sample (63) students, the number of experimental group (27) students and a control group (30) students.  The researcher was rewarded in variable lifetime for students and educational attainment and educational level of the parents and the educational level of mothers. The researcher has developed a test took the number of paragraphs (20).  A test was true after it has been submitted to the Group of arbitrators. The test was consistent with test method used and the reliability coefficient (0, 88). Either the statistical methods used by the researcher are: Pearson correla

Objective(s): To determine the impact of health education program toward their end-stage renal failure (ESRF)
patients’ knowledge through a follow-up approach each two months post program implementation for six months.
Methodology: "Follow-up" longitudinal design by using time series approach of data analysis and the application of
pre-post tests approach for the study group and the control group. The study is conducted in Al-Shahid Ghazi Hariri
Teaching Hospital for Surgical Specialties/Centre for Disease and Renal Transplant, and Al-Khayal private Hospital for
renal disease and transplantation during the period from August, 29th
, 2010 through February, 28th
, 2011. To achieve
the objectives of the study, purp

          This study aims to identify the concepts of financial crisis and its reasons of creation , also explain the effects of the accounting disclosure and the International Accounting Standards in current financial crisis, In addition to,  indicate the role of accounting in the reform of the financial system from the impact of financial crisis.      

       The  methodology of this study orientied to two main aspects, the first is an identifying approach through exploring the opinion of financial experts, the second aspect is based on an analytical approach to satisfy the requirements  of experts to get there opi

Pure and Fe-doped zinc oxide nanocrystalline films were prepared
via a sol–gel method using -
C for 2 h.
The thin films were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction
(XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning
electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV- visible spectroscopy. The
XRD results showed that ZnO has hexagonal wurtzite structure and
the Fe ions were well incorporated into the ZnO structure. As the Fe
level increased from 2 wt% to 8 wt%, the crystallite size reduced in
comparison with the pure ZnO. The transmittance spectra were then
recorded at wavelengths ranging from 300 nm to 1000 nm. The
optical band gap energy of spin-coated films also decreased as Fe
doping concentra

The coefficient of performance of a window type Air-Conditioner system can be improved if a reduction in the work of compressor can be achieved by a suitable technique. The present study investigates the effect of dispersing a low concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles in the mineral oil based lubricant, as well as on the overall performance of a window type Air-Conditioner system using R22 as the working fluid. An enhancement in the COP of the refrigeration system has been observed and the existence of an optimum volume fraction noticed, with low concentrations of nanoparticles suspended in the mineral oil. Results showed that the average compressor work reduced by 13.3%, which ultimately resulted in an increase of 11.99% in the COP due to