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Laminar Free Convection In Horizontal Annulus Filled With Glass Beads And With Annular Fins On The Inner Cylinder
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An experimental and numerical study has been carried out to investigate the heat transfer by natural convection and radiation in a two dimensional annulus enclosure filled with porous media (glass beads) between two horizontal concentric cylinders. The outer cylinders are of (100, 82 and70mm) outside diameters and the inner cylinder of 27 mm outside diameter with (or without) annular fins attached to it. Under steady state condition; the inner cylinder surface is maintained at a high temperature by applying a uniform heat flux and the outer cylinder surface at a low temperature inside a freezer. The experiments were carried out for an annulus filled with
glass beads at a range of modified Rayleigh number (4.9 ≤ Ra≤ 69), radiation parameter (0<Rd<10), with fin length of (Hf=3, 7 and 11mm), with radius ratios of (Rr=(r1/r2) =0.1405,0.2045, 0.293 and 0.3649 ), number of fins (n=0, 12, 23 and 45). Finite difference method with Boussinesq's approximation is used to solve the continuity, energy and momentum equations.
The numerical solution is capable of calculating the streamline, the temperature field, the velocity field, the local and average Nusselt number. A computer program in Mat lab has been built to carry out the numerical solution. The numerical study was done for a range of modified Rayleigh number (4.9 ≤ Ra ≤ 300). Results show that the average Nusselt number is nearly constant for Ra less than 100 and increased with an increase in modified Rayleigh number.
Nusselt number hardly affected by glass beads size and insignificant affected by Rd for Ra less than 100. Decreasing Rr cause clearly increase in average Nusselt number and increasing fin length or fin number decrease heat transfer.

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 28 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Computer, Communication, Control And System Engineering
A Comparative Study Between the Fragile and Robust Watermarking Techniques and Proposing New Fragile Watermarking with Embedded Value Technique
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Since the Internet has been more widely used and more people have access to multimedia content, copyright hacking, and piracy have risen. By the use of watermarking techniques, security, asset protection, and authentication have all been made possible. In this paper, a comparison between fragile and robust watermarking techniques has been presented to benefit them in recent studies to increase the level of security of critical media. A new technique has been suggested when adding an embedded value (129) to each pixel of the cover image and representing it as a key to thwart the attacker, increase security, rise imperceptibility, and make the system faster in detecting the tamper from unauthorized users. Using the two watermarking ty

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 31 2025
Journal Name
Indonesian Journal Of Chemistry
Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anticancer Effectiveness of Some New Metal Ions Complexes with Azo Dye: Synthesis and Characterization
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This paper presents a new azo dye 3-[2-(1H-indol-2-yl)ethyldiazenyl]quinolin-2-ol] from the reaction of the diazonium salt derived from tryptamine and 2-hydroxyquinoline. Azo dye was used to prepare a series of complexes with the chlorides of Ni(II), Pt(IV), Pd(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II). Compounds were analyzed and characterized using elemental analysis, magnetic measurement, UV-vis, IR, MS, NMR, and conductivity. The findings demonstrated that the ligand acts as ionic in complex form, O-bidentate, supporting the proposed formula. The complexes generally exhibited tetrahedral and octahedral geometries, except the palladium complex, which adopted a square planar geometry. TGA was used to investigate the thermal characteristics of compo

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Macromolecular Characterization Of Hydrocarbons For Sustainable Future
Feasibility of the Gas and Downhole Water Sink-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GDWS-AGD) Process to Enhance the Recovery of Oil in Reservoirs with Strong Aquifer
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Gas and Downhole Water Sink, Gravity Drainage, GDWS-AGD, Enhance the Recovery of Oil

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Public Health Research &amp; Development
The Effect of Special Exercises for those with (Cognitive Concentration) in the Development of Motor Satisfaction and Learning Some Types of Scoring Basketball for Students
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The importance of the research in the preparation of special exercises to develop some types of basketball scoring as a contribution to help the physical education teacher to find successful educational alternatives. The purpose of the study was to prepare special exercises for the cognitive (cognitive) survey in the development of motor satisfaction and learning some types of Scoring for basketball for students. Learn about the effect of cognitive exercises in cognitive development in students. The survey included students from the first stage of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science \ University of Diyala (159) divided into 6 people. The sample was randomized by (b) and (b) D) and after dispersion by the standard method In

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Environmental management system in accordance with the requirements of the international standard (ISO 14004) and its applicability "Case study at Al-Ma'mun plant (vegetable oil)"
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 The search aims to clarify pollution to negative effects on environment and to an increasing in the dangerous polluted materials that discharged out these factories. To make active procedures in order to limit the environmental pollution.   

 The search problem came from an assumption which has the researched factory is suffering from the lack of applying the international specification      ( ISO 14004 ). The research problem assimilated by these questions:

  1. What is the level or organization in thinking of environmental system according to ISO 14004 .
  2. What are the requirements used in researched factor

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 23 2022
Journal Name
F1000research
Association between polymorphisms within the gene coding for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha with outcomes of treatment in a sample of Iraqi patients with ankylosing spondylitis taking etanercept: an observational study
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Background:Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a progressive, chronic inflammatory illness with an unclear etiology that explicitly targets the vertebral column, peripheral joints, and extraarticular tissues. The purpose of this research was to investigate if the existence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene at positions -1031T/C (rs199964), -857C/T (rs1799724) and -806C/T (rs4248158) in a sample of Iraqi AS patients could influence the patients' outcomes with etanercept.

Methods:Sixty patients with established AS receiving only etanercept were selected to enroll in this study, with a mean age of 40.75±8.6

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 16 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Cephalometric Study of Iraqi Adult Subjects with Cl I and Cl III Skeletal Relationships and Their Effects on Masseter Muscle Thickness by Using Ultrasonography
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Background: Masseter muscle is one of the most obvious muscles of mastication and considered as one indicator of jaw muscle activity. It has a major influence on the transverse growth of the midface and the vertical growth of the mandible. This study undertaken to determine the role of cephalometric analysis for discrimination between Cl I and Cl III skeletal relationships, determine the role of ultrasonography in determination of masseter muscle thickness, compare masseter muscle thickness between Cl I and Cl III skeletal relationships, and determine the effect of gender on masseter muscle thickness. Material and Method: The sample of the current study consisted of 70 Iraqi subjects 40 males and 30 females with age ranging 18-25 years. The

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 24 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Tikrit University For Humanities
A Training Program Based on Integrating Future Thinking Skills and Classroom Interaction Patterns for Mathematics Teachers and Providing Their Students with Creative Solution Skills
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The research aims to recognize the impact of the training program based on integrating future thinking skills and classroom interaction patterns for mathematics teachers and providing their students with creative solution skills. To achieve the goal of the research, the following hypothesis was formulated: There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of students of mathematics teachers whose teachers trained according to the proposed training program (the experimental group) and whose teachers were not trained according to the proposed training program (the control group) in Pre-post creative solution skills test. Research sample is consisted of (31) teachers and schools were distribut

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 07 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
The Effect of Different Types of Separating Medium On Some Physical Properties of Processing Acrylic Denture-base with Two Investment Materials: A comparative Study
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Objective(s): In the present study, glycerin is used as a substitute for tin-foil and cold mold seal (Alginate mould seal)
in the process of curing heat and cold-cure acrylic resin denture base against stone and plaster.
Methodology: 60 specimens were prepared from heat-cure acrylic resin and cold-cure acrylic resin denture base. The
study includes 12 groups of specimens depending on the type of processing, investment material and type of
separating medium that are used in curing process. Each group of them contains 5 specimens for each test.
Some of physical properties of the processed acrylic denture base that (water sorption and solubility) have been
compared with those processed using tin-foil and tin-foil substitut

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Lecture Notes In Mechanical Engineering
Development and Validation of a Free Piston Engine Linear Generator Simulation Model Including Cycle-To-Cycle Variation and Ignition Timing Sub-Models
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