In data transmission a change in single bit in the received data may lead to miss understanding or a disaster. Each bit in the sent information has high priority especially with information such as the address of the receiver. The importance of error detection with each single change is a key issue in data transmission field.
The ordinary single parity detection method can detect odd number of errors efficiently, but fails with even number of errors. Other detection methods such as two-dimensional and checksum showed better results and failed to cope with the increasing number of errors.
Two novel methods were suggested to detect the binary bit change errors when transmitting data in a noisy media.Those methods were: 2D-Checksum method and Modified 2D-Checksum. In 2D-checksum method, summing process was done for 7×7 patterns in row direction and then in column direction to result 8×8 patterns. While in modified method, an additional parity diagonal vector was added to the pattern to be 8×9. By combining the benefits of using single parity (detecting odd number of error bits) and the benefits of checksum (reducing the effect of 4-bit errors) and combining them in 2D shape, the detection process was improved. By contaminating any sample of data with up to 33% of noise (change 0 to 1 and vice versa), the detecting process in first method was improved by approximately 50% compared to the ordinary traditional two dimensional-parity method and gives best detection results in second novel method
هناك دائما حاجة إلى طريقة فعالة لتوليد حل عددي أكثر دقة للمعادلات التكاملية ذات النواة المفردة أو المفردة الضعيفة لأن الطرق العددية لها محدودة. في هذه الدراسة ، تم حل المعادلات التكاملية ذات النواة المفردة أو المفردة الضعيفة باستخدام طريقة متعددة حدود برنولي. الهدف الرئيسي من هذه الدراسة هو ايجاد حل تقريبي لمثل هذه المشاكل في شكل متعددة الحدود في سلسلة من الخطوات المباشرة. أيضا ، تم افتراض أن مقام النواة
... Show MoreDecision making is vital and important activity in field operations research ,engineering ,administration science and economic science with any industrial or service company or organization because the core of management process as well as improve him performance . The research includes decision making process when the objective function is fraction function and solve models fraction programming by using some fraction programming methods and using goal programming method aid programming ( win QSB )and the results explain the effect use the goal programming method in decision making process when the objective function is
fraction .
in this paper the collocation method will be solve ordinary differential equations of retarted arguments also some examples are presented in order to illustrate this approach
The aim of this paper is to propose a reliable iterative method for resolving many types of Volterra - Fredholm Integro - Differential Equations of the second kind with initial conditions. The series solutions of the problems under consideration are obtained by means of the iterative method. Four various problems are resolved with high accuracy to make evident the enforcement of the iterative method on such type of integro differential equations. Results were compared with the exact solution which exhibits that this technique was compatible with the right solutions, simple, effective and easy for solving such problems. To evaluate the results in an iterative process the MATLAB is used as a math program for the calculations.
In this paper, a method based on modified adomian decomposition method for solving Seventh order integro-differential equations (MADM). The distinctive feature of the method is that it can be used to find the analytic solution without transformation of boundary value problems. To test the efficiency of the method presented two examples are solved by proposed method.
Background: Chronic otitis media (COM) of mucosal or squamous type is a common problem in otolaryngology practice, the active form of COM is characterized by discharge of pus and is treated by antibiotics to start with, the appropriate antibiotic should be prescribed to avoid antibiotic abuse and guarantee good outcome. Objectives:The objective of this study is to identify the causative organisms of active chronic active otitis media both (mucosal, squamous) type and test their sensitivity to various anti- microbial agents &compare with abroad studies.Methods:A prospective study was done on eighty patients, different ages and sexes were taken and carful history and examination was done, examination under microscope was done with carf
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The present article concerns one of the objects of media sociology under construction. The transformation of the rites in the use of the television contents in the era of digital technologies and media convergence. By an analytic contextual approach, based on the study of the uses, we formulate the following hypothesis: so many changes in the rites of uses are real, in particular at the young people, so, many pieces integer of the everyday life remain impervious to these changes, and it is true under the influence of a slowness of the social and cultural orders, rooted for a long time in the traditional social fabric. We shall then try to bring a sociological look to this societal, cultural, and communicational object that is the pas