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Modeling of Electron and Lattice Temperature Distribution Through Lifetime of Plasma Plume
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When employing shorter (sub picosecond) laser pulses, in ablation kinetics the features appear which can no longer be described in the context of the conventional thermal model. Meanwhile, the ablation of materials with the aid of ultra-short (sub picosecond) laser pulses is applied for micromechanical processing. Physical mechanisms and theoretical models of laser ablation are discussed. Typical associated phenomena are qualitatively regarded and methods for studying them quantitatively are considered. Calculated results relevant to ablation kinetics for a number of substances are presented and compared with experimental data. Ultra-short laser ablation with two-temperature model was quantitatively investigated. A two-temperature model for the description of transition phenomena in a non-equilibrium electron gas and a lattice under picosecond laser irradiation is proposed. Some characteristics are hard to measure directly at all. That is why the analysis of physical mechanisms involved in the ablation process by ultra-short laser pulses has to be performed on the basis of a theoretical consideration of `indirect' experimental data. For Copper and Nickel metal targets, the two-temperature model calculations explain that the temperature of the electron subsystem increased suddenly and approached a peak value at the end of laser pulse. In addition, the temperature profile of lattice temperature subsystem evolution slowly, and still increasing after the end of laser pulse. A good agreement prevails when a comparison between the present results and published results.

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Properties of Kumaraswamy binary Distribution and compare methods of estimating parameters
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The recent development in statistics has made statistical distributions the focus of researchers in the process of compensating for some distribution parameters with fixed values and obtaining a new distribution, in this study, the distribution of Kumaraswamy was studied from the constant distributions of the two parameters. The characteristics of the distribution were discussed through the presentation of the probability density function (p.d.f), the cumulative distribution function (c.d.f.), the ratio of r, the reliability function and the hazard function. The parameters of the Kumaraswamy distribution were estimated using MLE, ME, LSEE by using the simulation method for different sampling sizes and using preli

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2002
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Dependence of the Hall Mobility and Carrier Concentration on Thickness and Annealing Temperature
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Hall effect measurements have been made on a-As2Te3 thin films different thickness film in the range (200-350) nm. The Hall mobility in a-As2Te3 thin films decreases with increasing annealing temperature but the carrier concentration increases. When increasing the film thickness increases the Hall mobility decreases, while the carrier concentration increases.

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
study Preparation and characterization ZnO nanoparticles and study of morphology at high temperature
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In context of this paper we prepare high purity powder ZnO nanostructures by chemical method at low temperature solution and study the effect off annealing at high temperature, ZnO nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by chemical method at 0Cᵒ solution. In this method, suddenly reaction is occurred between zinc acetate solution and sodium hydroxide solution at 0Cᵒ, annealing temperature of powder product surfactant plays an important role in morphological changes. The nanostructures have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and UV-visible .analysis Effect of annealing temperatures on the morphology , structure and optical properties is di

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2013
Journal Name
Communications And Network
Link and Cost Optimization of FTTH Network Implementation through GPON Technology
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Publication Date
Sat Feb 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Design of an Electron Gun Using two Electrod Low Aberration Immersion Lens
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Abstract
A two electrode immersion electrostatic lens used in the design
of an electron gun, with small aberration, has been designed using
the finite element method (FEM). By choosing the appropriate
geometrical shape of there electrodes the potential V(r,z) and the
axial potential distribution have been computed using the FEM to
solve Laplace's equation.
The trajectory of the electron beam and the optical properties of
this lens combination of electrodes have been computed under
different magnification conditions (Zero and infinite magnification
conditions) from studying the properties of the designed electron
gun can be supplied with Abeam current of 5.7*10-6 A , electron
gun with half acceptance

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Evaluation of the electron correlation for lithium atom (Li) in ground state
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The aim of this work is to study the correlation between the electrons for Li atom in ground state through the calculation of the inter-particle distribution function f (r12) and inter-particle expectation values . By using the f(r12) function for KL shell in both singlet and triplet state .The Fermi hole have been evaluated .In this work the Hartree-Fock wave function (1993) have been used.

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 05 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Design of six electrode Enzial electrostatic lens low aberrations for electron gun
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A computerized investigation has been carried out on the design of six electrodes electrostatic lenses used in electron gun application. The Finite-Element Method (FEM) was used in the solution of Laplace equation for determine the axial potential distribution. The electron trajectory under zero magnification condition. The optical properties, spherical and chromatic aberrations, the object and image focal length and object and image position are calculated. A very good futures for the electron gun with these lenses have been computed where are a beam current of 8.7*10-7A can be supplied using cathode tip of radius 10nm.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
مجلة المستنصرية للعلوم والتربية
Calculation of Electron Drift Velocity in Xenon Gas Using Boltzmann Equation Analysis
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Publication Date
Wed Dec 19 2018
Journal Name
Brazilian Journal Of Physics
The Induced Electron Density Effects of Swift Heavy Ions in Polymethyl Methacrylate
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Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 2013
Journal Name
Micron
Computational investigation of electron path inside SEM chamber in mirror effect phenomenon
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