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Estimation and Improvement of Routing Protocol Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Using Fuzzy Neural Network
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Ad-Hoc Networks are a generation of networks that are truly wireless, and can be easily constructed without any operator. There are protocols for management of these networks, in which the effectiveness and the important elements in these networks are the Quality of Service (QoS). In this work the evaluation of QoS performance of MANETs is done by comparing the results of using AODV, DSR, OLSR and TORA routing protocols using the Op-Net Modeler, then conduct an extensive set of performance experiments for these protocols with a wide variety of settings. The results show that the best protocol depends on QoS using two types of applications (+ve and –ve QoS in the FIS evaluation). QoS of the protocol varies from one protocol to another depending on the applications used in the network. The network design is done using the program (Op-Net V14.5 modular) with core i7 computer for multiple nodes deployed randomly in several area (100 * 100, 200 * 200, 400 * 400, 800 * 800, 1000 * 1000)m2 accomplished by changing the number of nodes in the network (10, 20, 40 and 80). There are three programs designed using (MATLAB 2012A programming language). The first one evaluates the (QoS) using the organizational structure of the mysterious system (HFS), which relied on the standard applications that should be provided by the protocols to make the applications accepted by the nodes requirements. After the evaluation the QoS for all cases, we design Neural Network to assist in estimation of the best protocol for any network through QoS for all protocols (AODV, DSR, OLSR and TORA). Neural network has four entrances (area, number of nodes, real time application ratio and non-real time application ratio). The results show that the QoS estimated is (0.5401) of (OLSR) which has been improved to (0.6421) by reducing to mobility speed and making some nodes fixed and using more than one protocol in  the network to provide the best QoS .

 

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 01 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Molecular Structure
Biosynthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and adsorbent effects of γ-aluminum oxide-NPs using aqueous extract of boswellia carterii resin
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γ-Al2O3–NPs were synthesized by a green synthesis process based on Boswellia carterii resin extract and aluminum sulphate in an alkaline medium. Boswellia carterii resin extract is a significant reducing and stabilizing agent for synthesizing γ-Al2O3–NPs.Several techniques, including Fourier–transform infrared (FT-IR), UV–visible spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), were utilized to investigate the final product. XRD and SEM confirmed a plate-like crystalline structure with an average size of 17.5 nm. FT-IR analysis identified aluminum oxide stretching vibrations (655,

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 01 2008
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Design and Simulation of GaussianFSK Transmitter in UHF Band Using Direct Modulation of ΣΔ Modulator Fractional-N Synthesizer
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This research involves design and simulation of GaussianFSK transmitter in UHF band using direct modulation of ΣΔ  fractional-N synthesizer with the following specifications:

Frequency range (869.9– 900.4) MHz, data rate 150kbps, channel spacing (500 kHz), Switching time 1 µs, & phase noise @10 kHz = -85dBc.

New circuit techniques have been sought to allow increased integration of radio transmitters and receivers, along with new radio architectures that take advantage of such techniques. Characteristics such as low power operation, small size, and low cost have become the dominant design criteria by which these systems are judged.

A direct modulation by ΣΔ  fractional-N synthesizer is proposed

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Effective of Pressure and Sintering Temperature for Hardness Characteristics of Shape Memory Alloy by Using Taguchi Technique
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This paper presents the Taguchi approach for optimization of hardness for  shape memory alloy (Cu-Al-Ni) . The influence of  powder metallurgy parameters on hardness has been investigated. Taguchi technique and ANOVA were used for analysis. Nine experimental runs based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array were performed (OA),for two parameters was study (Pressure and sintering temperature) for three different levels (300 ,500 and 700) MPa ,(700 ,800 and  900)oC respectively . Main effect, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio was study, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using  to investigate the micro-hardness characteristics of the shape memory alloy .after application the result of study shown the hei

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 06 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Preparation of Media for Growth and Isolation of Lactic Acid Bacteria by Using the Starch-Industry by- Products
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By- products of corn starch industry were used to prepare media for propagation the lactic acid bacteria as a natural auxotroph. The by- products used were the corn steep water (S) and gluten extract (G) after a proper treatment to get them ready for media preparation. The results showed that it was possible to replace the peptone and meat extract by gluten extract in MRS medium. The growth was approximately similar to that obtained in standard MRS media. Corn steep water (S) was used as well and the growth enhanced by including Tween – 80 at 1% level. The later media named MZ, which was superior for growing standard and local strains and starters. The MZ medium modified by adding acetate and glacial acetic acid similarly to

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2026
Journal Name
Results In Engineering
Flexural Strengthening of RC T-Beams Using Thin Reinforced UHPC Overlays: Effects of Overlay Length and Reinforcement Type
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 27 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Evaluation the profitability of public commercial banks using liquidity indicators: A comparison of the Rafidain and Rasheed study
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The issue of liquidity, profitability, and money employment, and capital fullness is one of the most important issues that gained high consideration by other authors and researchers in their attempts to find out the real relationship and how can balance be achieved, which is the main goal of each deposits.

For the sake of comprising the study variables, the research has formed the problem of the study which refers to the bank capability to enlarge profits without dissipation in liquidity   of the bank which will negatively reflect on the bank's fame as well as the customers' trust. For all these matters, the researcher has proposed a set of aims, the important of which is the estimation of the bank profitability; liquid

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Analyzing current and future direction of non-oil primary balance: Case Study of Iraq Using Exponential Smoothing model
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In recent years, non-oil primary balance indicator has been given considerable financial important in rentier state. It highly depends on this indicator to afford a clear and proper picture of public finance situation in term of appropriate and sustainability in these countries, due to it excludes the effect of oil- rental from compound of financial accounts which provide sufficient information to economic policy makers of how economy is able to create potential added value and then changes by eliminating one sided shades of economy. In Iraq, since, 2004, the deficit in value of this indicator has increased, due to almost complete dependence on the revenues of the oil to finance the budget and the obvious decline of the non-oil s

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 01 2021
Journal Name
Energy
Experimental investigations of the performance of a flat-plate solar collector using carbon and metal oxides based nanofluids
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Publication Date
Fri Jul 24 2020
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
A review study of targeting of AAK1 and JAK1/2 using baricitinib in COVID-19 infected human cells
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     The outbreak of a current public health coronavirus 2019 disease is a causative agent of a serious acute respiratory syndrome and even death. COVID-19 has exposed to multi-suggested pharmaceutical agents to control this global disease. Baricitinib, a well-known antirheumatic agent, was one of them. This article reviews the likely pros and cons of baricitinib in attenuation of COVID-19 based on the mechanism of drug action as well as its pharmacokinetics. The inhibitory effect of baricitinib on receptor mediated endocytosis promoter, AKK1, and on JAK-STAT signaling pathway is benefacial in inhibition of both viral assembling and inflammation. Also, its pharmacokinetic has encouraged the physicians toward the drug

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Ground state properties of Beryllium isotopes using the radial wave functions of harmonic-oscillator and modified Bessel functions
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