The effect of applied current on protection of carbon steel in 0.1N NaCl solution (pH=7) was investigated under flow conditions (0-0.262 m/s) for a range of temperatures (35-55°C) using rotating cylinder electrode. Various values of currents were applied to protect steel from corrosion, these were Iapp.=Icorr., Iapp.=2Icorr. and Iapp.=2.4Icorr. under stationary and flow conditions. Corrosion current was measured by weight loss method. The variation of protection potential with time and rotation velocity at various applied currents was assessed. It is found that the corrosion rate of carbon steel increases with rotation velocity and
has unstable trend with temperature. The protection current required varies with temperature and it increases considerably when the rotation velocity was increased. The protection potential decreases appreciably (shifts to more negative) with time and with increasing rotation velocity. Also it shifts to more positive with increasing temperature.
Particulate matter (PM) emitted from diesel engine exhaust have been measured in terms of mass, using
99.98 % pure ethanol blended directly, without additives, with conventional diesel fuel (gas – oil),to
get 10 % , 15 %, 20 % ethanol emulsions . The resulting PM collected has been compared with those
from straight diesel. The engine used is a stationary single cylinder, variable compression ratio Ricardo
E6/US. This engine is fully instrumented and could run as a compression or spark ignition.
Observations showed that particulate matter (PM) emissions decrease with increasing oxygenate
content in the fuel, with some increase of fuel consumption, which is due to the lower heating value of
ethanol. The reduction in
Baghdad and the other Iraqis provinces have witnessed many of celebrations which have the significant effect on the souls of Arabic and Islamic people in general , and Iraqi people, especially the birthday and death of two al-kadhimen Imams(peace upon them) and others .From here the researcher begin to study the visiting of imam kadhimen (peace upon him) on 25 Rajab the commemoration of his sacrifice, simply because have implications of religious, ideological and cultural sectors which represents in finding the greatest flow of visitors .the problem of research appeared due to the clear difference in number of visitors during one day, beside the significant increase in number of visitors throu
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