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Comparative Study of Water Desalination using Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Electro-dialysis Systems (ED): Review
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The increasing drinking water demand in many countries leads to an increase in the use of desalination plants, which are considered a great solution for water treatment processes. Reverse osmosis (RO) and electro-dialysis (ED) systems are the most popular membrane processes used to desalinate water at high salinity. Both systems work by separating the ionic contaminates and disposing of them as a brine solution, but ED uses electrical current as a driving force while RO uses osmotic pressure. A direct comparison of reverse osmosis and electro-dialysis systems is needed to highlight process development similarities and variances. This work aims to provide an overview of previous studies on reverse osmosis and electro-dialysis systems related to membrane module and design processes; energy consumption; cost analysis; operational problems; efficiency of saline removal; and environmental impacts of brine disposal. RO system uses osmotic pressure as a driving force to force water through the membrane with less energy than other desalination systems. The enhancements in membrane materials and power recovery of the unit have massively decreased the price of RO units. ED system uses an electrical current to push dissolved ions across ion exchange membranes. The results of this review showed that desalination plants must be integrated with renewable energy to reduce power consumption and costs related to energy. Various technologies, including treatment processes and disposal methods, must be used to control concentrated solutions resulting from desalination processes because 5 to 33% of the total cost of the desalination process is associated with brine disposal.

 

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 03 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Diagnostic Medical Sonography
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Sonography, With Graded Compression to Image Acute Appendicitis Compared to Histopathologic Results
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Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical abdominal emergency. Its clinical diagnosis remains a challenge to surgeons, so different imaging options were introduced to improve diagnostic accuracy. Among these imaging modality choices, diagnostic medical sonography (DMS) is a simple, easily available, and cost effective clinical tool. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of DMS, in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis compared to the histopathology report, as a gold standard. Between May 2015 and May 2016, 215 patients with suspected appendicitis were examined with DMS. The DMS findings were recorded as positive and negative for acute appendicitis and compared with the histopathological results, as a gold standard

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 06 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Human Resources Investment as an Introduction to improve the efficiency & activity of workers in E – Government
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The human resources are considered to be the main pillar of the organizations , economic development and the foundation of moving wheels of individual growth. This is considered as the basic tasks for any productive and economic activity . The investment of the human resources is the economic pillar of production , but the most important element of the production . This research tried to access the method of resource investment and to identify the problems and training as key element in establishment of E –government . A questionnaire document have been distributed to the workers at different levels in the colleges and institutes. The research concluded the necessity of job description , continuous training of the workers , usi

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 01 2008
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
SOME NEMATODE PARASITES OF THE GREEN TOAD BUFO VIRIDIS LAURENTI, 1768 IN BAGHDAD AREA, CENTRAL IRAQ
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This work deals with the nematode parasitesfrom the midgut of (16) specimens of Green
toad (Bufo viridis) Laurenti, 1768 collected from Baghdad area,central Iraq.
The parasites are:Cosmocercoides variabilis (Cosmocercidae) that considered as the first
report in Iraq on it and Oswaldocruzia filiformis (Molineidae).

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 08 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The analytical potentiality of three different liquid stationary phases in analysing rathylchlorosilanes by gas - liquid ehromatography
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Organohalosilanes conslitute an important subject ١٦؛ the chemistry oforganosilicon compound؛. Being starting materials and intermediates in the synthesis of a large number of various compounds so it is very important to get such materials in its highest purity ,but the separation of rathylchlorosilanes was still a big^oblem, duet^the great similarity in their physical and chemical properties, making its analysing verydifficult, ^or this reason tteir must be a good method o^e^r^iondealing^ththe^compounds, gas- liquid chromatography proved that it was the best, specially when (m- nitrotoluene) was used as a stationary liquid phase, it gave a complete separation and a good statistical results

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 12 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of knowledge management in achieving strategic excellence Field research in some Iraqi private banks
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الغرض من البحث دراسة تأثير ادارة المعرفة (استراتيجية الشخصنة والترميز) في تحقيق التفوق الاستراتيجي في بيئة المصارف الاهلية العراقية ، وتم اعتماد منهج البحث الوصفي والتحليلي ، لذا اعتمد الباحث الفلسفة الوضعية وفق المنهج الاستنباطي لغرض اشتقاق فرضية البحث الاولى من الجانب النظري وتوصل البحث الى مجموعة من النتائج اهمها ان استراتيجية الشخصنة حققت تقدماً كبيراً في قدرتها على التأثير في التفوق الاستراتيجي بوصف

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 15 2022
Journal Name
Al-academy
The culturalization of gender action in the Iraqi theatrical address the play " Revelations as an example"
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The culturalization of gender action occupies a wide range in culture, thoughts and modern studies as well as in fine arts and the ways of expressing them.

       Theater, as one of these arts, plays roles in establishing the fundamental concepts that aims at stating the uncontrollable deed of the social community. It remains one of the most effective and suitable means to confine the uncivilized practices to overcome a certain crisis after gender and cyborg in societies.

        The research concentrates on studying the culturalization of gender action in the Iraqi theatrical address because of the effect it has on the modernizing thought in arts and theater literature. It consists of chapter one which deals w

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 15 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Science& Research Archive
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a group of Iraqi obese children attending children welfare teaching hospital
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a group of Iraqi obese children attending children welfare teaching hospital

Publication Date
Wed Mar 29 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Evaluation of Metformin + Sitagliptin versus Metformin + Glibenclamide on Glycemic Control in Iraqis Type 2 Diabetic Patients
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Combination therapy with a dipeptidyl peptidase–4 inhibitor and metformin or metformin+ glibenclamide results in substantial and additive glucose- lowering effects in Iraqis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . This study evaluated the glycemic control by using two groups of  combinations of drugs metformin + glibenclamide and metformin + sitagliptin in Baghdad teaching hospital / medical city. 68 T2DM patients and 34 normal healthy individuals as control group were enrolled in this study and categorized in to two treatment groups. The group 1 (34 patients ) received ( metformin 500 mg three times daily + glibenclamide 5 mg twice daily ) and the group 2 (34 patients) received (metformin 500 mg three times daily + sitaglip

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 01 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Enhancement of Photoconductive Detector Based on Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles by Adding Conductive Polymer
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In this work, wide band range photo detector operating in UV, Visible and IR was fabricated using carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, SWCNTs) decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Silicon was used as a substrate to deposited CNTs/Ag NPs by the drop casting technique. Polyamide nylon polymer was used to coat CNTs/Ag NPs to enhance the photo-response of the detector. The electro-exploding wire technology was used to synthesize Ag NPs. Good dispersion of silver NPs achieved by a simple chemistry process on the surface of CNTs. The optical, structure and electrical characteristic of CNTs decorated with Ag NPs were characterized by X-Ray diffraction and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy.  X-ray diffra

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 20 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Civil Engineering
Structural Performance Under Monotonic Static Loading of Reinforced Concrete Gable Roof Beams with Multiple Web Openings
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In the present study, an attempt has been made to experimentally investigate the flexural performance of ten simply supported reinforced concrete gable roof beams, including solid control specimen (i.e., without openings) and nine beams with web openings of different dimensions and configurations. The nine beams with openings have identical reinforcement details. All beams were monotonically loaded to failure under mid-span loading. The main variables were the number of the created openings, the total area of the created openings, and the inclination angle of the posts between openings. Of interest is the load-carrying capacity, cracking resistance and propagation, deformability, failure mode, and strain development that represent the behav

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