The game theory has been applied to all situations where agents’ (people or companies) actions are utility-maximizing, and the collaborative offshoot of game theory has proven to be a robust tool for creating effective collaboration strategies in a broad range of applications. In this paper first, we employ the Banzhaf values to show the potential cost to waste producers in the case of a cooperation and to reduce the overall costs of processing non-recyclable waste during cooperation between producers. Secondly, we propose an application of the methodology to study a case for five waste producers' waste management in the Al-Mahmudiya factory with the aim of displaying the potential cost to waste producers in case of cooperatio

Conventional concretes are nearly unbendable, and just 0.1 percent of strain potential makes them incredibly brittle and stiff. This absence of bendability is a significant cause of strain failure and has been a guiding force in the production of an elegant substance, bendable concrete, also known as engineered cement composites, abbreviated as ECC. This type of concrete is capable of displaying dramatically increased flexibility. ECC is reinforced with micromechanical polymer fibers. ECC usually uses a 2 percent volume of small, disconnected fibers. Thus, bendable concrete deforms but without breaking any further than conventional concrete. This research aims to involve this type of concrete, bendable concrete, that will give solut

Impact strength of self-compacted concrete is a field of interest, mostly when the concrete is produced from sustainable materials. This research's main objective is to clarify the ability to use two types of Portland limestone cement (Karasta and Tasluja) in self compacted concrete under impact loading, further to the economic and environmental benefits of the limestone cement. The impact loading was applied by a low-speed test, using the drop ball on concrete. Moreover, the study reveals the resistance of the grids reinforced concrete to impact loading by using polymer grid, and steel grid reinforced concrete slabs. Mixes reinforced by steel mesh had the highest results, indicating that the steel mesh was more robust because it had

Previously, many empirical models have been used to predict corrosion rates under different CO₂ corrosion parameters conditions. Most of these models did not predict the corrosion rate exactly, besides it determined effects of variables by holding some variables constant and changing the values of other variables to obtain the regression model. As a result the experiments will be large and cost too much. In this paper response surface methodology (RSM) was proposed to optimize the experiments and reduce the experimental running. The experiments studied effects of temperature (40 – 60 °C), pH (3-5), acetic acid (HAc) concentration (1000-3000 ppm) and rotation speed (1000-1500 rpm) on CO₂ corrosion performance of t

The article presents the synthesis and liquid crystalline properties of some of new bent and linear core compounds containing a 1,3,4-oxadiazole, piperazine and thiazolidin-4-one rings as a central core. The new synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR, ¹HNMR and mass spectroscopy). The liquid crystalline properties were studied by polarized optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. All Schiff bases compounds with 1,3,4-oxadiazole and piprzaine ring in central core presented liquid crystalline properties. The liquid crystallinity of compounds containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole and thiazolidin-4-one rings as a central core were found depending on the type of terminal substituents.

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is the most significant antibiotic in the sulfonamide family. It was chosen as the representative of this category because of its widespread use. Starting with sulfamethoxazole, a new series of 2-Azetidinone (M1-M6) was synthesized, the structure of these new derivatives was confirmed using spectral methods, starting with the synthesis of Schiff’s bases by reflux of different aromatic benzaldehydes, separately, with Sulfamethoxazole in ethanol with few drops of acetic acid. The final compounds were obtained by ketene-imine synthesis of β-lactam using chloroacetyl chloride. The designed chemicals’ synthesis has been completed successfully. Physical parameters (melting points and Rf values), Fourier transfo

The syntheses, characterization and experimental solid state X-ray structures of five low-spin paramagnetic 2-pyridyl-(1,2,3)-triazole-copper compounds, [Cu(Ln)2Cl2], are presented in this study, for the following five Ln ligands: L1 = 2-(1-(p-tolyl)-1H-(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine), L2 = 2-(1-(4- chlorophenyl)-1H-(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine), L3 = 4-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)benzonitril), L4 = 2-(1-phenyl-1H-(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine) and L5 = 2-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-(1,2,3- triazol-4-yl)pyridine). These five [Cu(Ln)2Cl2] complexes each contain two bidentate 2-pyridyl-(1,2,3)- triazole (Ln) and two chloride ions as ligands, with the Cu–N(pyridine) bonds, Cu–N(triazole) and Cu–Cl bonds trans to each othe

A series of new imides compounds[1-4] were synthesized from reaction of tetrachlorophthalic anhydride or nitro phthalic anhydride or malic anhydride or Succinic anhydride  with  4-amino benzene thiol under fusion conditions. Chloroacetic acid has been added after compounds [1-4] reacted with distilled H2O and Na2CO3, producing compounds [5-8]. In benzene, compounds [5-8] also interacted with the thionyl chloride to produce [9-12]. Poly (vinyl alcohol) was chemically modified by reacting PVA with compounds [9-12] and dimethyl formamide to produce compounds [13-16]. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are mixed with modified PVA [13-16] to create nanocomposites [17-20]. Spectral and analytical data from synthesized compounds, such as 1

A series of new imides compounds[1-4] were synthesized from reaction of tetrachlorophthalic anhydride or nitro phthalic anhydride or malic anhydride or Succinic anhydride with 4-amino benzene thiol under fusion conditions. Chloroacetic acid has been added after compounds [1-4] reacted with distilled H2O and Na2CO3, producing compounds [5-8]. In benzene, compounds [5-8] also interacted with the thionyl chloride to produce [9-12]. Poly (vinyl alcohol) was chemically modified by reacting PVA with compounds [9-12] and dimethyl formamide to produce compounds [13-16]. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are mixed with modified PVA [13-16] to create nanocomposites [17-20]. Spectral and analytical data from synthesized compounds, such as 1H-NMR, FTI

Biaxial hollow slab is a reinforced concrete slab system with a grid of internal spherical voids included to reduce the self-weight. This paper presents an experimental study of behavior of one-way prestressed concrete bubbled slabs. Twelve full-scale one-way concrete slabs of (3000mm) length with rectangular cross-sectional area of (460mm) width and (150mm) depth. Different parameters like type of specimen (solid or bubbled slabs), type of reinforcement (normal or prestress), range of PPR and diameter of plastic spheres (100 or 120mm) are considered. Due to the using of prestressing force in bubbled slabs (with ratio of plastic sphere diameter D to slab thickness H, D/H=0.67), the specimens showed an increase in ultimat