Variation orders are an on-going phenomenon in construction and industry projects worldwide, particularly in the province of Sulaimani, where the project's damage from cost and schedule overrun because of variation orders. However, the effect on project costs and time overrun of variation order has yet to be identified. This study evaluates the impact of variation orders on the cost and time off in the Sulaimani governorate. Two hundred twenty-eight projects from various construction sectors built between 2007-2012 were adopted to calculate the contract cost and schedule overruns due to variation orders. Data analysis was applied in the study were descriptive statistics. One-way ANOVA was also applied to determine whether the overrun of project cost and schedule significantly varied depending on project type, size, duration, location, and awarded years. The findings indicated that cost overruns are very common due to variation orders. 95.6% of the projects were studied being impacted, and overrun in project cost are also huge, with 16%. Time also overruns more common than cost overruns due to the variation orders. 98.7% of the projects were studied in Sulaimani were affected by time overrun with an average of 46.3% of initial duration observed. Findings also indicated that two out of five parameters measured in the analysis had a significant correlation with project cost overruns. Three out of five considered variables correlated with construction time overruns.
Countries have faced the challenges of high levels of public debt and seek to define the optimum limits to reduce risks to which the financial system can be exposed and its impact on the economy as a whole. Hence the importance of research in studying the impact of internal and external public debt components on indicators of stability of the financial system for the period 2005-2017 for the purpose of knowing the extent of the financial stability indicators response to the high level of the public debt from its optimum ratio, as the aim of the research is to estimate and analyze the dynamic relationship of short and long term between the components of public debt and indicators of financial stability using the (ARDL) model that
... Show MoreThis paper presents a numerical simulation of the flow around elliptic groynes by using CFD software. The flow was simulated in a flume with 4m long, 0.4m wide, and 0.175m high with a constant bed slope. Moreover, the first Groyne placed at 1m from the flow inlet with a constant the Groyne height of 10cm and a 1cm thickness, and the width of Groynes equals 7cm. A submergence ratio of the elliptic Groynes of 75% was assumed, corresponding to a discharge of 0.0057m3/sec. The CFD model showed a good ability to simulate the flow around Groynes with good accuracy. The results of CFD software showed that when using double elliptic Groy
... Show More There is an increase in the need for cost accounting in all organizations and from different sectors to provide detailed information to the totals of financial accounting, first and help solve problems associated with inventory and analysis, tabulation and allocation of cost elements II and do the planning process and provide the necessary oversight and help to take the right decisions such as pricing decisions that need to Information cost accounting.
And suffer most of the non-governmental organizations from the lack of a cost accounting system provides information on the cost of service in these organizations and the department research sample circle v
The primary aim of this research was to study visual spatial attention and its impact on the accuracy of the diagonal spike in volleyball. A total of 20 volleyball players of Baghdad participated in this study. The sample was homogeneous in terms of height, weight and age of the players. The tests used in the present study were: 1) Visual Spatial Attention Test. 2) Volleyball Spike Test. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher concluded that visual spatial attention has a significant impact on the accuracy of the diagonal spike in volleyball.
Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master and beloved Muhammad, the wise guide and great teacher, the guide to a straight path, the one sent as a mercy to the worlds, and upon his good and chosen family, his chosen companions, the working scholars, and those who follow them in righteousness until the Day of Judgment.
And after:
One of the important controversial topics shared between the sciences of the Noble Hadith and the Fundamentals of God is the issue of the innovator in terms of accepting and rejecting his narration and testimony, and the difference in it leads to disagreement in many branches of jurisprudence that were based on texts narrated by innovated narrators or those accu
... Show MoreThe effect of time (or corrosion products formation) on corrosion rates of carbon steel pipe in aerated 0.1N NaCl
solution under turbulent flow conditions is investigated. Tests are conducted using electrochemical polarization
technique by determining the limiting current density of oxygen reduction in Reynolds number range of 15000 to 110000
and temperature range of 30 to 60oC. The effect of corrosion products formation on the friction factor is studied and
discussed. Corrosion process is analyzed as a mass transfer operation and the mass transfer theory is employed to
express the corrosion rate. The results are compared with many proposed models particularly those based on the
concept of analogy among momentum, heat,
The value of time out as a time not count of official time form the game like four periods and extra time also it considered a great interest if used well thru the game , the importance of this problem is not using well the time out and when the coach ask for time out and how to invest this time legally to make good results also there is no observing system as the researcher see gives the reality image that the coach is successful lead the game when he takes time out . The goals of research that knowing on numbers of time out for excellent teams in Iraq (first &second) stages and putting special inventory reverse reality of asking time out (positive &negative) on playing basketball , the hypothesis of research that tell the time out effect
... Show MoreGiven the importance of the phenomenon of bullying and its spread in the productions of animated films and the resulting impact on them, and the dominance of a large number of satellite channels that simulate different age stages and for both sexes. It is bullying others and their imitation of characters inspired by animated films with aggressive behavior that appears in them by imposing his authority by force on those who are weaker than him and in various methods that fall within the concept of bullying, and the interest of most satellite channels in this type of production that simulates different age groups, this research comes as an attempt A scientific method through which the researcher seeks to know the issue of the dramatic cons
... Show MoreThe research problem stems from the suffering of organizations from the weakness of their organizing aspect and the weak influence of the leadership on the subordinates and their dispersion. Organizations today are in rapid development and therefore work relations are not dominated by the humanitarian aspect and the first goal has become productivity. The research aims to identify the influence of servant leadership and its dimensions as an independent variable on the effectiveness of work teams as an approved variable and their importance increases when these organizations are service organizations, and how their influence increases when this leadership is the servant leadership and its dimensions in the Health Depa
... Show MoreThe monogenean Gyrodactylus taimeni Ergens, 1971 was recorded in this study for the first time in Iraq from gills of the common carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758. The description and measurements of this parasite as well as illustration were given. In addition, a list of species of Gyrodactylus so far recorded from C. carpio in Iraq is also included together with a list of all other hosts recorded for each gyrodactylid species.