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A Case Study of Bus Line Passenger Volumes of Bakrajo Bus Lines in Sulaimani City
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Transit agencies constantly need information about system operations and passengers to support their regular scheduling and operation planning processes. The lack of these processes and cultural motivations to use public transportations contributes enormously to the reliance on the private cars rather than public transportation, resulting in traffic congestions. The traffic congestions occur mainly during peak hours and the accidents happening as a result of road accidents and construction works.  This study investigates the effects of weekday and weekend travel variability on peak hours of the passenger flow distribution on bus lines, which can effectively reflect the degree of traffic congestion. A study of passenger traffic flow patterns during these times can impact planning decisions on transportation engineers. It can be viewed as a building block for generating a reliable schedule for a given bus route within the context of an optimization process.  Collecting data sets of a two-directional bus line in Sulaimani city, connecting a residential district to the city center, for three days (Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday), and this study analyzed the flow and distribution of weekday and weekend passenger movements along with the bus stops of each direction on-peak and off-peak periods. The results indicate that Thursday passenger volume is more similar to Friday passenger volume than on Wednesday passenger volume. The passenger volume of direction D1 (from the residential district to the city center) is double that of direction D2 (from the city center to the residential district). The maximum morning peak time is on Wednesday with 442 passengers/hr, starting from 7:30 to 9:00, and the maximum evening peak hour is on Thursday with 420 passengers/hr, beginning from 14:30 to 16:30.

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Publication Date
Sat May 05 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
planning and design of a tourist village in the marshes of southern Iraq
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This study analyzes how to make use of the resources in the marshlands of Iraq and how to utilize them, especially after the water returns to these areas and they are revitalized. We take an example of AL- Saheen Marsh and plan an ideal tourist resort there. This example can further expand to include other parts of the marshlands. The resort will utilize the local environment and tourist characteristics as it will have a feel and architectural resemblance to the houses and buildings that are currently built there. In addition the transportation methods will be the same as those used by the locals. Yet the resort will still posses all the facilities required by a modern tourist resort that includes all the services that will make

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
A Pragmatic Analysis of the Use of Intensifiers in Charles Dickens’ Hard Times
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The present study investigates the use of intensifiers as linguisticdevices employed by Charles Dickens in Hard Times. For ease of analysis, the data are obtained by a rigorous observation of spontaneously occurring intensifiers in the text. The study aims at exploring the pragmatic functions and aesthetic impact of using intensifiers in Hard Times.The current study is mainly descriptive analytical and is based on analyzing and interpreting the use of intensifiers in terms ofHolmes (1984) andCacchiani’smodel (2009). From the findings, the novelist overuses intensifiers to the extent that 280 intensifiers are used in the text. These intensifiers(218) are undistinguished

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 12 2025
Journal Name
Chemchemtech
A REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF PHARMACEUTICALS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES
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One of the main causes for concern is the widespread presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, which may be harmful to living things. They are often referred to as emerging chemical pollutants in water bodies because they are either still unregulated or undergoing regulation. Pharmaceutical pollution of the environment may have detrimental effects on ecosystem viability, human health, and water quality. In this study, the amount of remaining pharmaceutical compounds in environmental waters was determined using a straightforward review. Pharmaceutical production and consumption have increased due to medical advancements, leading to concerns about their environmental impact and potential harm to living things due to their increa

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 13 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Sonographic assessment of normal cervical lymph nodes in a sample of Syrian population
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Background: Sonographic examination is an important tool in assessment of normal and abnormal cervical lymph nodes. The aim of the study is to assess the distribution and the characteristic features of normal cervical lymph nodes in a sample of Syrian population. Materials and Methods: Fifty healthy Syrian subjects (25 men and 25 women) with an age of 20 -60years old, who had their cervical lymph nodes examined by ultrasound. Three hundred and two lymph nodes were detected. Lymph nodes were evaluated for their number, size, site, echogenic hilus, shape, as well as for the border sharpness. The subjects were categorized by age into four groups, (20 -30, 31 - 40 , 41 - 50 , 51- 60 years ). Statistical analysis of data was done using SP

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 25 2024
Journal Name
Cardiometry
Evaluations of Bone turnover in a sample of Iraqi Postmenopausal Hypertensive Obese Women
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Background: Hypertension and osteoporosis are worldwide diseases with high prevalence; the study was done to estimate the correlation between hypertension and bone turnover in a sample of Iraqi postmenopausal women with hypertension and obesity. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 99 hypertensive obese postmenopausal Iraqi women (65 hypertensive obese and 34 normotensive non obese). The serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Pi), and alka line phosphatase (ALP) levels were measured as a represen tative of bone markers. Results: The results demonstrated that serum alkaline phosphatase is significantly elevated in the case group compared to the controls. No significant changes were observed in the levels of Ca and

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 13 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
ADDRESSING THE GOALS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE ARAB PRESS:: (An analytical study in the newspapers (Al-Sabah Iraqi newspaper, Algerian ech-chaab Newspaper, and UAE Al-Ittihad Newspaper) (A Research Drawn from Master Thesis)
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The problem of this research is:

What are the sustainable development goals that received the priority in the press addressing of the newspapers under study?

What are the journalistic arts adopted by these newspapers in addressing the sustainable development goals?

What are the journalistic sources that Arab newspapers depended on when addressing the sustainable development goals?

What are the geographic range the Arab newspapers adopted in addressing the sustainable development goals? The research is categorized into descriptive research, adopting the survey method, and using the content analysis method.

The sample of research was determined by the preparation of the Arabic newspapers (Al-

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 31 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Adsorption Study of Hydrodesulphurization Catalyst
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Physical and chemical adsorption analyses were carried out by nitrogen gas using ASTM apparatus at 77 K and hydrogen gas using volumetric apparatus at room temperature, respectively. These analyses were used to determine the effect of coke deposition and poisoning metal on surface area, pore size distribution, and metal surface area of fresh and spent hydrodesulphurization catalyst Co-Mo\Al2O3 . Samples of catalyst (fresh and spent) used in this study are taken from AL-Dura refinery. The results of physical adsorption shows that surface area of spent catalyst reduced to third compare with fresh catalyst and these catalysts exhibit behavior of type four according to BET classification ,so, the pores of these samples are cylindrical, an

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
phylogentic study of cephalopharyngeal selerites
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drosophila larvare of diffrent speces were subjected to this in order study the structure of cephalopharyngeal armature and mouth more hooks dentition the lines number among

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2010
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Kinetic Study of Esterification Reaction
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The Esterification kinetics of acetic acid with ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid as a homogenous catalyst was studied with isothermal batch experiments at 50-60°C and at a different molar ratio of ethanol to acetic acid [EtOH/Ac]. Investigation of kinetics of the reaction indicated that the low of [EtOH/Ac] molar ratio is favored for esterification reaction, this is due to the reaction is catalyzed by acid. The maximum conversion, approximately 80% was obtained at 60°C for molar ratio of 10 EtOH/Ac. It was found that increasing temperature of the reaction, increases the rate constant and conversion at a certain mole ratio, that is due to the esterification is exothermic. Activity coefficients were calculated using UNIFAC progra

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2015
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Hadith of Shaaban: Modern study
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In the name of God the Merciful
After .....
This is discussed in the hadeeth of Shaaban's speech, in which there is much talk in modern terms about the ruling
It has to be corrected, improved, weakened or denied, and it has a title (modern)
Shaaban's sermon is a modern study). It is an attempt to judge me after I come
In the text and then came out of the books and works that mentioned the sermon in its verses and then a statement of the ruling
And then I studied the rules and ruled them according to the rules
Followed by the scientists wound and amendment, and then the conclusion and deposited the most important results that came out
He accepts this purely for his generous consideration of this humble research, an

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