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Kinetic Studies of Biodiesel Production from Jatropha curcas Oil
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The world is confronted with the twin crisis of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation caused by fossil fuel usage. Biodiesel produced from renewable feedstocks such as Jatropha seed oil or animal fats by transesterification offers a solution. Although biodiesel has been produced from various vegetable oils such as Jatropha seed oil, the reaction kinetics studies are very few in literature, hence the need for this study. Jatropha curcas seed oil was extracted and analyzed to determine its free fatty acid and fatty acid composition. The oil was transesterified with methanol at a molar ratio of methanol to oil 8:1, using 1% sodium hydroxide catalyst, at different temperatures ranging from 32oC to 65oC, at atmospheric pressure. The order of the reactions with respect to the triglyceride's disappearance in the forward reaction at the chosen temperatures was found to be pseudo-first-order and found to be first-order for the reaction at 32oC. The rate constants of the three consecutive reaction steps at 65oC, namely, triglyceride to diglyceride, diglyceride to monoglyceride, and monoglyceride to glycerol, were found to be 0.422 min-1 0.117 min-1, and 0.037min-1, respectively. Their corresponding activation energies in J/mol were 22.165, 3.136, and 19.770, respectively.

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Publication Date
Fri May 14 2010
Journal Name
Al-mustansiriyah
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Biological Studies of Some Metal Complexes with 1, 2 bis-(orthoaminophenylthio) ethane
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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2020
Journal Name
Colloids And Surfaces A: Physicochemical And Engineering Aspects
Removal of antibiotic tetracycline using nano-fluid emulsion liquid membrane: Breakage, extraction and stripping studies
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Publication Date
Tue Jul 02 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, characterization, industrial and biological studies of azo dye ligand and their some metallic ions
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4-((2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)diazenyl)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one was produced through the reaction of diazonium salt from 4-amino antipyrine with 2,4-dinitrophenol. This ligand is examined by (UV-Vis, FTIR,1H,13CNMR, and LC-Mass) spectral techniques and micro elemental analysis (C.H.N.O). Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) complexes were also performed and depicted. Metal chelates were distinguished by utilizing flame atomic absorption, infrared analysis, and elemental, visible, as well as ultraviolet spectroscopy, in addition to conductivity and magnetic quantification. Methods of mole ratio and continuous contrast have been studied to determine the nature of the compounds. Beer's law was followed throughout a co

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 15 2018
Journal Name
Research Journal Of Pharmaceutical, Biological And Chemical Sciences
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Antimicrobial Studies of Mixed Ligand Metal (II) Complexes with three amino acids
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The research includes synthesis and identification of novel three amino acids ligands complexes of some heavy metal (II) ions by using the amino acids like glycine, L-alanine and L-valine. New metal mixed ligand complexes with amino acids are prepared the reaction by reacting the three amino acids with the metals(II) chloride by using 50% ethanolic solution and 50% distall water in the molar ratio [1:1:1:1] ( M:Gly:Ala:Val) except for Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes were found after diagnosis the coordination with both Lalanine and L-valine. The prepared complexes identified by using physical properties, flame atomic absorption and conductivity measurements, in addition, mass, FT.IR and UV.vis spectrum as well magnetic moment data. The general

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 07 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Application of the Alternative Evaluation Strategy in Social Studies In General Education in KSA
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The study aims to reveal the degree of application of the alternative evaluation strategy in social studies in public education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It also aims to identify the opinions of experts on how to implement this. The study adopted the mixed methodology, which represented in the descriptive-analytical method, and qualitative methods through the grounded theory. The study used two tools namely: a questionnaire for assessments of social studies teachers and semi-structured interview questions. The results of the study showed a medium degree of appreciation for the application of alternative evaluation strategies by social studies teachers in general education with an average of (2.28). The results also showed that ther

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 07 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences And Research
Synthesis, Spectral Studies and Microbial Evaluation of Azo Dye Ligand Complexes with Some Transition Metals
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1-(4-amino-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yldiazenyl)phenyl)ethanone has been synthezied by reaction the diazonium salt of 2-aminobenzothiazole with 4-aminoacetophenone. Specroscopic studies ( FTIR,UV-Vis, 1H and 13CNMR) and microelemental analysis (C.H.N.S.O) are use to identified of the azo ligand. Metal chelates of some transition metals were performed as well depicted. Complexes were identified using atomic absorption of flame, elemental analysis, infrared and UV-Vis spectral process as well conductivity and magnetic quantifications. Nature of compounds produced have been studied followed the mole ratio and continuous contrast methods, Beer's law followed during a concentration scope (1×10-4 - 3×10-4 mol/L). height molar absorbtivity of compoun

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 06 2024
Journal Name
Moroccan Journal Of Chemistry
Green Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Studies of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Thyme plant Extract
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In this work we used the environmentally friendly method to prepared ZrO2 nanoparticles utilizing the extract of Thyms plant In basic medium and at pH 12, the ZrO2 NPs was characterized by different techniques such as FTIR, ultraviolet visible, Atomic force microscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Energy dispersive X-ray. The average crystalline size was calculated using the Debye Scherres equation in value 7.65 nm. Atomic force microscope results showed the size values for ZrO2 NPs were 45.11nm, and there are several distortions due to the presence of some large sizes. Atomic force microscope results showed the typical size values for ZrO2 NPs were 45.11 nm, and there are several distortions due to the presence of so

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 02 2017
Journal Name
Applied Organometallic Chemistry
A new azo‐Schiff base: Synthesis, characterization, biological activity and theoretical studies of its complexes
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A new Azo‐Schiff base ligand L was prepared by reaction of m‐hydroxy benzoic acid with (Schiff base B) of 3‐[2‐(1H–indol‐3‐yl)‐ethylimino]‐1.5‐dimethyl‐2‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐ylamine. This synthesized ligand was used for complexation with different metal ions like Ni(II), Co(II), Pd(II) and Pt(IV) by using a molar ratio of ligand: metal as 1:1. Resulted compounds were characterized by NMR (1H and 13C), UV–vis spectroscopy, TGA, FT‐IR, MS, elemental analysis, magnetic moment and molar conductivity studies. The activation thermodynamic parameters, such as ΔE*, ΔH*, ΔS*, ΔG*and

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 20 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Characterization , Thermal Studies and Antioxidant Activities of Transition Metal Complexes with Azo Dye ligand
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Diazotization reaction between 1-(2,4,6-Trihydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone and diazonium salts was carried out resulting in ligand 4-(3-Acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-phenylazo)-N-(5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-benzenesulfonamide, this in turn reacted with the next metal ions (V4+ , Cr3+ , Mn2+ and Cu2+) forming stable complexes with unique geometries such as (Octahedral for both Cr3+ , Mn2+ and Cu2+ ,squar pyramidal for V4+). The creation of such complexes was detected by employing spectroscopic means involving ultraviolet-visible which proved the obtained geometries, fourier transfer proved the formation of azo group and and the coordination with metal ion through it. Pyrolysis (TGA & DSC) studies proved the coordination of water residues with me

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2018
Journal Name
Oriental Journal Of Chemistry
Synthesis, Spectral and Biochemical Studies of New Complexes of Mixed Ligand Schiff Base and Anthranilic Acid
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In this rescrch,new mixed ligand Schiff base complexes of Mn(II),Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) are formulated from the Schiff base( L)resulting from  o-phathalaldehyde(o-PA) with p-nitroaniline(p-NA)as a primary ligand and anthranilic acid as a subordinate ligand. Diagnosis of prepared Ligand and its complexes is done by spectral methods mass spectrometer;1H -NMR for ligand Schiff base FTIR, UV-Vis, molar conductance, elemental microanalyses, atomic absoption and magnetic susceptibility. The analytical studies for the all new complexes have shown octahedral geometries. The study of organicperformance  of ligand Schiff base and its complexes show various activity agansit four type of bactria two gram (+) and two gram (-) .

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