In recent decades, breeding deer populations in Iraq have expanded significantly in size and distribution. Owing to their role in pathogen transmission, these deer populations pose a risk to the livestock industry. However, little is known about the parasitic infection status of the breeding deer and the surrounding environment in Iraq. Atotal of 150 deer faecal samples were collected from male and female deer of various ages from four regions of Iraq and examined microscopically for intestinal parasites. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of seven intestinal parasite species: Entamoeba spp. (48%), Giardia duodenalis (17%), Toxocara spp. (12%), Balantidium coli(9%), Taenia spp. (9%), Strongyloides spp. (3%) and Trichostrongy

Background: Determination of sex and estimation of stature from the skeleton is vital to medicolegal investigations. Skull is composed of hard tissue and is the best preserved part of skeleton after death, hence, in many cases it is the only available part for forensic examination. Lateral cephalogram is ideal for the skull examination as it gives details of various anatomical points in a single radiograph. This study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of digital cephalometric system as quick, easy and reproducible supplement tool in sex determination in Iraqi samples in different age range using certain linear and angular craniofacial measurements in predicting sex. Materials and Method The sample consisted of 113of true lateral cepha

Leishmaniasis is endemic ofIraq in both cutaneous and visceral form. The available tools for diagnosis and detection of Leishmaniaare nonspecific and may interfere with other species. In this study, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has been used to identify Iraqi isolate of visceral leishmaniasis (MHOM/ IQ/2005/MRU15) which a previously diagnosed by classical serological tests. PCR amplificationwas carried out using species-specific primers of Leishmania donovani. Four primer pairs of mini-circle DNA and ITS-1 were used.13A/13B, which is used to identify Leishmaniaas a genus, NM12, LITSR/L5.8S and BHUL18S, were used to detect the sub species of L. donovani.The result ofPCR

An immunological technique was investigated for the detection of human semen in forensic analysis.This technique included a preparation of anti-human seminal plasma antibodies, by immunizing rabbits with treated human semen. The human semen was treated with an acid to prevent cross reactivity with other human body fluids. The antibody produced was tested against different animal,s seminal fluid samples (dog, goat ,sheep, cow) and human body fluids( saliva, blood , vaginal fluid, ear wax and human semen). It was found that using this developed technique was only selectively responsed with human semen . The prepered kit was evaluated and tested in Forensic laboratory- Ministry of Health. Finally, results were obtained in a c

Background: The interest in herbal extracts as antimicrobial agents has increased over the past few years in endodontic therapy. Nasturtium officinale (watercress) is a promising plant with great medicinal values. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of watercress oil in combination with calcium hydroxide against Candida albicans as intracanal medicament. Materials and Methods: Candida albicans was isolated from patients with necrotic root canal or failed root canal treatment. The sensitivity of Candida albicans to different concentrations of watercress oil extract was determined by using the agar well diffusion method in comparison with calcium hydroxide paste. The agar plate method was used to determine the minimum fung

Background: Obesity has become one of the most important public heath problems all over the world.An epidemic of obesity is affecting children and adolescents across the developed and developing countries in recent years. As the prevalence of obesity increased, so did the prevalence of co morbidities like metabolic and endocrine diseases.Objectives: To overview obesity clinical features and the prevalence of associated co morbidities in children and adolescents attended the obesity researches and therapy center in Alkindy medical collage.Type of study: This is a cohort observational studyMethods : Obese child and adolescents aged 4-15year attended the obesity research and therapy unit in AL Kindy medical collage from the 1st of September

Centralization and decentralization, planning and development, and community participation in the management of its affairs and to activate all the abilities that multiple methods aimed at creating the proper environment for the growth and development of society in the place where he lives. As long as the overall trend in Iraq, represented by the Permanent Constitution of decentralization to regions and provinces, the solutions to the obstacles that may face this transition in some respects presents ways of coordination and integration between multiple levels of planning which can be exercised by the schematic in the future the organization. In this paper some of the visions and ideas that can  contribute to the organization

The removal of commercial orange G dye from its aqueous solution by adsorption on tobacco leaves (TL) was studied in respect to different factor that affected the adsorption process. These factors including the tobacco leaves does, period of orange G adsorption, pH, and initial orange G dye concentration .Different types of isotherm models were used to describe the orange G dye adsorption onto the tobacco leaves. The experimental results were compared using Langmuir, and frundlich adsorption isotherm, the constants for these two isotherm models was determined. The results fitted frundlich model with value of correlation coefficient equal to (0.981). The capacity of adsorption for the orange G dye was carried out using various kinetic models

This study involves the investigation of the effect of nitrogen laser with 337.1 nm wavelength on the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by using local therapeutic due to burns. Thirty six isolate of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were isolated from 25 patients suffering from sever burns, each isolate of bacteria was irradiated with nitrogen laser at (5, 10, 15 and 30) pulses/second repetition rates for 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes for each repetition rate. The effects of nitrogen laser on the local therapeutics sensitivity of bacteria were obtained using Kirby Baur method. Changes in the sensitivity of bacteria to local therapeutics (Tetracyclin, Chloramphenicol, Flumizin and Fucidin) occur at high repetition rate(30 pulses/seco