osion and deposition are natural phenomena in rivers that can be identified by using velocity profiles and shear stress as indicators. The Shatt Al-Arab River located south of Iraq suffers from these phenomena. Based upon the basic principles of hydraulics, it is reasonably easy to identify shear stress distributions within the river reach of the Shatt Al-Arab; and that will allow us to know the locations of the erosion and deposition. For this purpose, a 2D model using HEC-RAS software was developed to simulate the flow within the lower reach of Shatt Al-Arab. The results showed that the maximum shear stress at the right bank of Shatt Al- Arab reached 0.1N/m2 at 12 km upstream of Ras- Al-Bisha. This value of shear stress was recorded durin

The abdominal nerve cord of some species of Iraq Carabids has been studied to evaluate
the variation in the number of the abdominal ganglia among the species and to find out
relation of these variations with the classical taxonomy of the family Carabidae into tribes.

the reality of small and medium enterprises analysis reflects weaknesses plaguing these enterprises and strengths that are characterized by, and thus the formulation of appropriate solutions to the obstacles faced by these enterprises to enhance its contribution to the achievement of economic and social development. Iraqi small and medium enterprises suffer from several obstacles stand in front of development and  support their competitiveness, the finance one of the main obstacles which impede growth and development of these enterprises, noting the banking system in Iraq reluctance to lend to small and medium-sized enterprises, as a result of the high cost of lending these enterprises compared to large projects, as well as

Air pollution is considered one of the major environmental problems that contain many challenges and difficulties facing most countries of the world, including Iraq. The problem has emerged widely with the emergence of the industrial revolution in the world and the tremendous increase in the population and the increase in the number of transportation and its development in addition to excavation, maintenance and work Construction and weather fluctuations, such as dust and sandstorms, pollution resulting from oil refining, extraction, diversion and other processes that cause pollution, and the start of the world using methods that limit the volume of environmental pollution. The most prominent of these methods is the imposition of

الاحداث السياسية في العراق بعد 2003 وأثر الانتماء والوعي في التشكيل العراقي المعاصر