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THE ROLE OF EFFLUX PUMP FOR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN BACTERIA: THE ROLE OF EFFLUX PUMP FOR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN BACTERIA
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ABSTRACT                

The multi-drug resistant efflux pump is a glycoprotein pump whose function is to push foreign substances. The efflux pump is found in humans, animals. It also has wide-ranging properties in  bacteria and fungi. They are found in all species of bacteria, and efflux pump genes can be found in bacterial chromosomes or mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids. The most sensitive function that leads to a global problem is its resistance to antibiotics in bacterial cells, which increases the ability to bacteria from becoming strong virulence factors that most or all antibiotics cannot kill. It also has other important functions. It is related to the defense mechanism of the horse by pushing all harmful substances. This pump is divided into five families. The division depends on the source of energy, symmetry, and the general structure. The major facilitator (MFS) superfamily; the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family and the adenosine-triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC); superfamily the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) superfamily  and the small multidrug resistance (SMR). The ABC family uses ATP as a source of energy for export, while other flow pumps use the driving force of the proton. These hosts participate in many cellular processes such as intercellular communication, formation of cell membranes, virulence factors of bacterial cell, extrusion of toxic substances, disinfectants, toxic metabolic by-products, and antibiotics. It is also one of the important formations in bacteria that give bacteria the ability to expel antibiotics through various and diverse genes that are located either on the chromosome or plasmid of different pump families. Evidence indicates that the efflux pump has physiological functions in bacteria, and its overexpression has a role in inducing multi-drug resistance and biofilm formation. Hence, the regulation of efflux pump action is an orderly, strict action in response to physiological and environmental signals.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
The Engineering Properties and Geochemical Relationship For The Volcaniclastic Rocks Of The Muqdadiya Formation In Hemrin Area, NE. IRAQ
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Volcaniclastic rocks of Al Muqdadiya Formation (Pliocene) in Injana area, southern Hemrin anticline, NE of Iraq, were studied ( petrographically, physically, mineralogically and geochemically , as well as the engineering properties) to assess the suitability of volcaniclastic rocks to use them in industry as refractories. The results show that the physical and engineering properties change with the temperature change. The bulk density and the specific gravity increase by increasing temperature while the apparent porosity, water sorption and the linear shrinkage decrease. On the other hand the compressive strength increase by increasing temperature. The volcaniclastics have very low thermal conductivi

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 02 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Positive School Psychology
Morphological structures and their significance for the triple verb " The abstract and more in the Diwan of Al Yassin
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Verbs are an important material in the construction of the sentence, as they are among the requirements of every sophisticated language, and in this regard, Ibn Al-Gothic (d. 367 AH): “Know that verbs are the origins of the buildings of most speech, and thus scholars called them buildings.” Verbs are the source of expression of the speakers’ ideas to represent the element of activity and movement, and with their knowledge We infer the meanings of Arabic words, and Ibn Al-Sarraj (d. 316 AH) defined it: “The verb denotes a meaning and a time, and that time is either past, present, or future.” Its letters are original and does not drop from its construction a letter in the conjugation of its conjugations, and it is in Arabic two type

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 05 2014
Journal Name
Engineering And Technology Journal
New Method to Increase the Ability of the Water for Dissolving Total Salts in Soil by Using the Magnetism
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Publication Date
Sun Aug 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of service promotion on achieving leadership for business organizations
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The research problem lies in the fundamental questions that revolve around the role of each of the tools of promotion, namely advertising, personal sale, public relations, sales promotion, and direct marketing in achieving leadership for business organizations. Research to know the role of promoting the service in the researched company and whether the promotion of the service is qualified to lead the researched company to leadership, and for this purpose formulated research hypotheses of three hypotheses, the first hypothesis says that there is a significant impact relationship between promotion and entrepreneurship. The second hypothesis aimed to determine the role played by promotion in the researched company to achieve unique

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Publication Date
Wed May 04 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Sport Sciences
The Effect of Competitive Learning Strategy in Developing Mental visualization of some Basic Skills in Basketball for Students
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IRA Dawood, JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES, 2016 - Cited by 3

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Archives Of Clinical Infectious Diseases
Toxoplasmosis and Risk of Endothelial Dysfunction: Role of Oxidative Stress and Pro-Inflammatory Mediators
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Background: Infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) leads to activation of T-helper cells (Th-1 and Th-2) which are involved in the synthesis and release of different cytokines which may lead to endothelial dysfunction. Objectives: To evaluate the endothelial function in patients with acute toxoplasmosis. Methods: This case-control study involved 31 patients with toxoplasmosis aged 19 - 47 years matched with 20 healthy subjects. Anti-T. gondii antibody (IgG, IgM, IgA) was determined by direct antigen-antibody reaction. Interleukin-6(IL-6), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and human malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels were measured. Results: IgM, IgG and IgA levels were high in the infected patients compared with controls (P < 0.01). Furthermore, IL-

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The effect of learning program in developing some social concepts for nursery kids about ( 4 – 5 ): The effect of learning program in developing some social concepts for nursery kids about ( 4 – 5 )
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Abstact:
Nursery is one of educational institution in the process of developing the
social concepts that it includes a quirking the knowledge and experiences that
help the kid to adjust with environment through arrangement words ,
movements and concrete things which are transferred to the kids so as to
realize these concepts .
Social concepts are numbers of words and statements with social nature
which the kids learn through the family or nursery in order to effect their
educational style of independent and helping the others .
The re searcher adopted this theory because of the little studies in the
filed of social concepts in the nursery.
The aims of the study are as following :
1- building tools for

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Central Bank control of external transfers and its impact on the tax information system: Applied research in the General Authority for Taxes
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Tax information system is one of the most important means that help the tax administration to reach the real income of the taxpayer, and the problem of research came in the General Authority for Tax ,The next question (Does the control carried out by the Central Bank on foreign remittances to reach the real income of the taxpayer). The research is gaining importance by focusing on the Central Bank's control over foreign remittances, and how to use this control to finance the tax information system. The relationship between the Central Bank's control over foreign remittances and the tax information system.The study has reached a number of recommendations, the most important of which are the following: The work of an integrated information

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 04 2020
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
commiseration for lovers Study in Indication Synthetic Lamentation "Kuthaira Ouza" for instance
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There  is no doubt  various of situations for performing  a duty , The diversity of stimuli in humans with sensory, unconscious and instinct sensitive systems. Which leads to a diversity of feelings, sensations, emotions and feelings, This therefore requires different types of function linguistic structures indication , Of that linguistic potential that God willing to be unique, In the function of discharging and venting those feelings and emotions that are raised by its various stimuli, which are only needs and psychological and biological purposes require verification and access and gain it. So the language became to embrace the feelings and feelings, needs and purposes. And mirror reflected and binoculars revealing what

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 31 2020
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
commiseration for lovers Study in Indication Synthetic Lamentation "Kuthaira Ouza" for instance
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There is no doubt that the achievement of the manuscripts of   There  is no doubt  various of situations for performing  a duty , The diversity of stimuli in humans with sensory, unconscious and instinct sensitive systems. Which leads to a diversity of feelings, sensations, emotions and feelings, This therefore requires different types of function linguistic structures indication , Of that linguistic potential that God willing to be unique, In the function of discharging and venting those feelings and emotions that are raised by its various stimuli, which are only needs and psychological and biological purposes require verification and access and gain it. S

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