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Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome and its Association with Job Title and Violence among Physicians in Baghdad: A Triangulated Methodology Study
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Background: Economic Globalization affects work condition by increasing work stress. Chronic work stress ended with burnout syndrome.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of burnout syndrome and the association of job title, and violence with it among physicians in Baghdad, and to assess the burnout syndrome at patient and work levels by structured interviews.

Subjects and Methods: A cross section study was conducted on Physicians in Baghdad. Sampling was a multistage, stratified sampling to control the confounders in the design phase. A mixed qualitative and quantitative approach (triangulation) was used. Quantitative method used self-administered questionnaires of Maslach Burn out Inventory. Qualitative approach used an open-ended question modified from Copenhagen Burnout Inventory by face-to-face interviews. An ordinal logistic regression used in the analysis phase to overcome confounders.

Results: The percentages of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and feeling of inefficacy were 72.5%, 31.9%, and 12.7% respectively. Total burnout syndrome was 56.4%. Being single and hospital workers were significantly associated with emotional exhaustion (p=0.006, 0.001 respectively) and total burnout syndrome (p=0.017, 0.016 in sequence). In addition to emotional exhaustion and burnout syndrome, singles suffered from depersonalization (p=0.010). Administrative responsibilities made physicians less liable for emotional exhaustion but more prone to feeling of inefficacy (p=0.038, 0.017 respectively).  Less than 40-year age group had a relation with depersonalization, p=0.003, and total burnout syndrome p=0.013. Being male was significant with total burnout syndrome, p=0.008. All Violence types were associated significantly with burnout syndrome and its dimensions, p=0.001 (except feeling of inefficacy in which only threat was significant with it, p=0.054).

In qualitative part, the response rate was 80%. It was formulated from 3 themes. Highest percentages in these themes were gained by female and graded physicians.

Conclusion: Burnout affects over half of Baghdad’s doctor. Violence was significant to burnout syndrome but job title was not. In qualitative part female and graded physicians were most groups to be affected.

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 07 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Two Types of Personality and Achievement Motivation among University Teaching Staff Members
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    Research aimed to:1- Be acquainted to the two types of personality A,B with the members of the teaching staff of Anbar university 2- The level of the motivational achievement among the teaching staff  3- The level of motivational achievement  of the teaching staff  of( A,B). 4- Differences of the abstract implications of A,B type  5- The relationship between A and B and the motivational achievement.

  Research Tools: the researchers  followed  measure  A, B type of  Howard Glaser  1978,and   measure  of Achievement Motivation for Mansoorm1986.

   The Result showed: 1. A tendency of the t

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 27 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Limitation of liability and reinsurance and its role in increasing production insurance: بحث أستطلاعي في شركة التامين العراقية العامة
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The liability limit liability limit and reinsurance re factors insurance are important in influencing the achievement of company's competitive goals and achieve success and excellence in the market and because the limit of liability and reinsurance aimed to increase output with the stability of inputs leading to increased insurance business and increase profits. The study was based on two variables presidents interact with each other to form the intellectual and philosophical framework has two ( the limit of liability and reinsurance ) . The study was launched from a problem expressed by a number of targeted questions answered from the elucidation of theoretical philosophy and intellectual goals of these variables and highlight the impor

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 11 2024
Journal Name
الموئتمخر الدولي للعلم والتعليم
SUFFIXAL METHOD FOR FORMING NEW VOCABULARY IN RUSSIAN AND ARARBIAN LANGUAGES AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ACHIEVEMENT OF TRANSLATION ADEQUACY
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Abstract. In this scientific work, we investigate the problem of the practical necessity of achieving the adequacy of translation activities with active translation from Russian into Arabic in various fields of translation. Based on the material of the latest suffix vocabulary, a serious attempt is made to clarify and specify the rules for the development of translator's intuition when translating from Russian into Arabic and vice versa. Based on the material collected by the latest suffix vocabulary, we try to make an attempt to reveal the role of suffix word creation in highlighting the general rules for achieving translation equivalence. The paper examines the process of creating words in multi-family languages, the difference between th

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 21 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Electrochemical Science And Engineering
Phenol removal by electro-Fenton process using a 3D electrode with iron foam as particles and carbon fibre modified with graphene
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The 3D electro-Fenton technique is, due to its high efficiency, one of the technologies suggested to eliminate organic pollutants in wastewater. The type of particle electrode used in the 3D electro-Fenton process is one of the most crucial variables because of its effect on the formation of reactive species and the source of iron ions. The electrolytic cell in the current study consisted of graphite as an anode, carbon fiber (CF) modified with graphene as a cathode, and iron foam particles as a third electrode. A response surface methodology (RSM) approach was used to optimize the 3D electro-Fenton process. The RSM results revealed that the quadratic model has a high R2 of 99.05 %. At 4 g L-1 iron foam particles, time of 5 h, and

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Publication Date
Sat Nov 01 2025
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
The effect of large-scale engineered roughness elements on the hydraulics of the Shatt al-Arab estuary: Methodology
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Abstract<p>Erosion and deposition are natural phenomena in the river estuaries that could be presented as a dynamic process involving removing materials from one location and accumulating these materials at other locations. These two phenomena may cause changes in waterways and affect offshore structures. The Shatt Al-Arab River Estuary, Iraq was greatly affected by these two phenomena, and topography changes occurred. Velocity profiles and bed shear stress can be used as indicators to identify the erosion and deposition locations. Large-scale roughness elements proved to make beneficial changes in the hydraulic properties of open channels. They can create desirable effects to control erosion</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sat Mar 07 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Oral hygiene practices and self-perceived halitosis among dental students
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Background: Halitosis represents a common dental condition, although sufferers are often not conscious of it. It is common among humans around the world and is usually caused by an accumulation of bacteria in the mouth as a result of gum disease, food, or plaque. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of oral hygiene practices, smoking habits and halitosis among undergraduate dental students and correlate the oral hygiene practices, oral health conditions to the prevalence of self perceived oral malodor. Materials and Methods: Clinical examination of 250 dental students and a self-administered questionnaire were included in this study. A questionnaire was developed to assess the self-reported perception of oral breath, awareness of b

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 07 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Periodontal health and salivary Interleukin -6 among preterm postpartum women
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Background: Hormonal changes during pregnancy have been suggested to predispose women to gingivitis. Furthermore, advance periodontal infection in pregnant women may pose a threat to the placenta and uterus and may increase the like hood of preterm delivery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of salivary interleukin -6 (IL-6) level and periodontal health among preterm postpartum women. Materials and Methods: Salivary samples were taken from 33 preterm postpartum women (study group) and 33 full term postpartum women (control group). The supernatant salivary samples were assayed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Plaque, calculus and gingival indices were used for recording the oral hygiene and gingivitis also probing

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 29 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Market Value Added Among Historiecal Cost and Fair Value Contravercy
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Because of the vulnerability of the concept of historical cost adopted as a basis for accounting measurement to many of the criticisms in reaction counter to the concept of fair value, the aim of the research is to try to make a comparison between the historical cost and fair value to prove the health and safety of any of the measurement best for the preparation of financial statements and through the state of each of the two study secretary and good financial investment after being diagnosed with a realistic problem is the limitations of the concept of historical cost in the evaluation of assets in spite of the supposed information disclosed in the financial statements compared to appropriate property for the concept of the fair value o

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 04 2024
Journal Name
F1000research
Posterior palatal seal recording: fact and reasons among Iraqi dentists
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Abstract* Backgrounds The retention of the maxillary complete denture may be influenced by adequate recording in the patient’s mouth, marking, and carving of the post-dam on the maxillary cast. Failure to do so may lead to loss of retention. Successful denture construction with patient’s comfort could be achieved by effective methods of recording, marking, and carving of the post-dam. The aim of the study was to assess Iraqi dentists in their knowledge and application of the post-dam in maxillary complete dentures. Methods Questionnaires were distributed randomly through online Google Forms and 118 Iraqi dentists with different academic degree participated in the study. A multinomial logistic regression model was also used to ass

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 28 2022
Journal Name
The Open Dentistry Journal
Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Dentists During COVID-19 Lockdown
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Introduction:

The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among dentists during covid-19 lockdown and to investigate the relationship between stress and each mental health state.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey on 269 dentists was conducted using DASS-21 and PHQ-9 questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate models were constructed and the odds ratio (OR) was calculated to assess the strength of the association between an independent categorical variable and the outcome.

Results and Discussion:

Being unsatisfied with the job was as

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