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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Self-Medication among Medical Students at Sudan International University, Sudan
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Background: Self-medication is a practice or action taken by individuals for themselves in order to achieve and maintain health, as well as to avoid and protect against disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of self-medication among medical students at Sudan International University.

Subjects & Methods: This was a prospective study that involved 288 out of 1000 students in the Faculty of Medicine at Sudan International University. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from January to March 2022 to evaluate the self-medication knowledge, attitude, and practice among first, second, and third-year medical students.

Result: The age groups of this study were arranged as follows; 197(17-20 year), 72(21-23 year) and 19(>23 year). Regarding the sex of the study population, the female group was 215(74.7%) while the male group was 73(25.3%). The classification of the population according to their academic levels; as follows; first year 124 (43.1%), second year 52 (18.1%) and third year 112(38.9%). The prevalence of self-medication was found to be a common practice by the majority of the students, since 279 (96.9 %) of the study group practiced self-medication, in contrast to only 9 (3.1%), who did not deal with any self-medication. Also, the result showed that the most common drugs were; vitamins 183 (65.6%) and analgesics 176 (63.1%) followed by antibiotics 172 (61.6%). Regarding the illnesses described by the student as an indication of self-medication, they are as follows; headache is the most common (93.2%), followed by common cold and cough 211(75.6%). Concerning the source of information used by the studied population for self-medication, pharmacists were found to be the main source of information 122 (42.4%) followed by parents of the students 102 (35.4%). Furthermore, the results revealed that the main reason given for practicing self-medication by the study group was that the illness was not serious is (69.5%).

Conclusion: Self-medication was found to be widely practiced in 96.9% of cases, and the main reasons for self-medication were that the disease was not serious.

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2012
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Semantic Confusion of the Term in Cultural Pages for Students of College of Arts (University of Baghdad)
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The research is exposed to an important issue, related to communication obstacles that prevent the media message contained in cultural topics published in local newspapers to reach the hands of the readers; or related to lack of awareness of aspects of that media message, Because it contains immersed vocabulary in elitism where, sometime, the average reader of the newspaper of medium-sized educated, and even the academic reader are unable to decode it and understand its significance.

After determining the problem of the study and the tools that the researcher wants to use to accomplish his research, a sample of students of college of Arts at the University of Baghdad was selected. As they are clo

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 07 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effect of KUD Strategy on Acquiring Grammatical Concepts among First Intermediate Students
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The research aims to examine the effect of KUD strategy on acquiring the grammatical concepts among intermediate school students. To achieve the research objective, the researcher adopted the null hypothesis in which there is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of students of the experimental group who study grammar base on the KUD strategy and the average scores of the control group who study the grammar through the traditional way of acquiring grammatical concepts. In a random manner, the researcher selected the research sample from one of Baghdad’s education schools in al Rusafa / 2, as the total number of students of the two groups reached (67) students. They were divided into (33)

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 07 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The effect of using cognitive strategies on mathematical competence among Fourth Scientific students
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The research aims to find out the impact of cognitive strategies in the mathematical competence of the students of the fourth scientific in the preparatory mahmoudiyah in the Directorate General of The Education of Karkh 2. A post-test of the mathematical competence prepared by (Jassim, 2018) was applied to the sample of (65) students, distributed into two groups of (33) students as experimental group and (32) students as a control group. The results found there are significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in testing the mathematical competence of students for the experimental group.

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 22 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Relationship of Communities of practice in adoption of, Strategic Change choices
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The research (Relationship of Communities of practice in adoption of, Strategic Change choices) aims to diagnose and interpretation of correlation nature between Communities of practice deportation (participation and spreading knowledge, confidence, social capital build) deportation strategic change choices (reengineering business process, business re-structuring, business innovation) in construction companies in the Iraqi Ministry of Construction and Housing, the research tested 4 construction companies working in investing sector in Iraq, the research applied on a sample of 102 persons who participated in Communities of practice distributed in several administrative levels (directors, division directors, projec

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
level of awareness of mental health among the students of the Universities of Palestine Technical and Jerusalem open
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The study aimed to identify the level of awareness of mental health among the students of the Universities of Palestine Technical and Jerusalem open in the city of Tulkarem from the perspective of the students and the population of the study ( 8091 ) students at the two universities , and selected intentional sample size was ( 445 ) students , and used the tool questionnaire to measure responses of subjects , and the results showed that there are differences depending on the variable sex and was in favor of females , and depending on the variable University , and was in favor of the Al-Quds Open / variable Study level for the benefit of students of second year , did not show statistical differences depending on the variables of c

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 01 2019
Journal Name
Sci.int.(lahore)
TIME MANAGEMENT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE STAFF PERFORMANCE IN THE FACULTIES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS SCIENCES AT UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD
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The study aimed to identify the importance of time in the Faculties of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Baghdad, as well as to identify the relationship between time management and the level of staff functional performance. The research population consisted of the staff members who work in the Faculties of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls in Al-Jadriya for the academic year 2017-2018. A random sample of 50 staff members from each faculty were selected, that is the total number was (100) staff members. The researchers identified the concept of time management and functional performance, after that a questionnaire consisting of (39) statements and (6) parts presented to a specialized group of experts

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 08 2019
Journal Name
Science International (lahore)
TIME MANAGEMENT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE STAFF PERFORMANCE IN THE FACULTIES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS SCIENCES AT UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD
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The study aimed to identify the importance of time in the Faculties of Physical Education and Sports Sciences atthe University of Baghdad, as well as to identify the relationship between time management and the level of staff functionalperformance. The research population consisted of the staff members who work in the Faculties of Physical Education andSports Sciences for Girls in Al-Jadriya for the academic year 2017-2018. A random sample of 50 staff members from eachfaculty were selected, that is the total number was (100) staff members. The researchers identified the concept of timemanagement and functional performance, after that a questionnaire consisting of (39) statements and (6) parts presented to aspecialized group of experts. The

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 18 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Assessing Risk Factors of Pneumonia among Adults at Ibn-Sina in Mosul City
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Objectives: the aim of the study to assess the most common risk factors of pneumonia at adult and find the
socio-demographic characteristics of sample.
Methodology: the study performed at Ibn-Sina teaching hospital (intensive care unit) and out patient in the same
hospital period of (15 ) November (2006) till (1ا٤) February (2007).The sample of the study includes (65)
patients with pneumonia for different underlying causes who were attending Ibn-Sina teaching hospital age
range (59-68) years is the highest level and is the most common risk factor for pneumonia.
Results: the results of the study most patients' hospital acquired-pneumonia from contamination during
administration to hospital but community acquired-pne

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 28 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effect of the Strategy of Cognitive Discrepancy in the Achievement of Literature and Texts among the Fourth-Stage Students
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The present research aims at identifying the effect of the cognitive discrepancy strategy on the fourth-stage students’ achievement in literature and texts. The researcher adopted the null hypothesis: there is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average grades of the experimental group who study literature and texts following the discrepancies strategy, and those who follow the traditional method. A post-achievement test of (60) paragraphs was administered to (6) students as the study sample. The results showed that the experimental group who studied literature and texts with the strategy of cognitive achieved better than the control group who followed the traditional method in the post-achievement t

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The factors that affecting in the recruitment of a teaching staff for the Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in university teaching at the University of Khartoum.
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This research aimed at identifying the factors that affecting in the recruitment of a teaching staff for the Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in university teaching at the University of Khartoum. The descriptive method was followed. The questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection,, which was distributed directly to a sample of (181) respondent of the teaching staff members of the senate at University of Khartoum from those who were attend at the senate meeting No. (409) which was held on 22 August 2016 Of (272). The researcher followed for the distribution the chance method, where each questionnaire was distributed to each of a teaching staff from different faculties at the University of Khartoum, according to his willingness

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