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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Self-Medication among Medical Students at Sudan International University, Sudan
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Background: Self-medication is a practice or action taken by individuals for themselves in order to achieve and maintain health, as well as to avoid and protect against disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of self-medication among medical students at Sudan International University.

Subjects & Methods: This was a prospective study that involved 288 out of 1000 students in the Faculty of Medicine at Sudan International University. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from January to March 2022 to evaluate the self-medication knowledge, attitude, and practice among first, second, and third-year medical students.

Result: The age groups of this study were arranged as follows; 197(17-20 year), 72(21-23 year) and 19(>23 year). Regarding the sex of the study population, the female group was 215(74.7%) while the male group was 73(25.3%). The classification of the population according to their academic levels; as follows; first year 124 (43.1%), second year 52 (18.1%) and third year 112(38.9%). The prevalence of self-medication was found to be a common practice by the majority of the students, since 279 (96.9 %) of the study group practiced self-medication, in contrast to only 9 (3.1%), who did not deal with any self-medication. Also, the result showed that the most common drugs were; vitamins 183 (65.6%) and analgesics 176 (63.1%) followed by antibiotics 172 (61.6%). Regarding the illnesses described by the student as an indication of self-medication, they are as follows; headache is the most common (93.2%), followed by common cold and cough 211(75.6%). Concerning the source of information used by the studied population for self-medication, pharmacists were found to be the main source of information 122 (42.4%) followed by parents of the students 102 (35.4%). Furthermore, the results revealed that the main reason given for practicing self-medication by the study group was that the illness was not serious is (69.5%).

Conclusion: Self-medication was found to be widely practiced in 96.9% of cases, and the main reasons for self-medication were that the disease was not serious.

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Nonparametric statistical study for the crime motives on a sample of inmates in Khartoum State prisons
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The aim of the research was to investigate the use of non-parametric tests in the analysis of the questionnaire and how to choose the appropriate test for testing the hypothesis of the study of crime motives in Khartoum State. The data were collected through the primary sources by designing a questionnaire and distributed to a sample of inmates in Khartoum state; the data were analysis by SPSS program using the analytical statistical method through using some of the suitable non-parametric tests for each case. The most important results of the research were: there was significant relationship between the type of crime and the age group therefore, we found that the age group (20-29) was the most frequent crime particularly, the fi

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Publication Date
Wed May 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Drugs In Dermatology (jdd)
Melanocytes Transplantation in Patients With Vitiligo Using Needling Micrografting Technique - JDDonline - Journal of Drugs in Dermatology
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AbstractBACKGROUND: Some cases of vitiligo require melanocyte transplantation, but these surgical techniques have varying degrees of success. OBJECTIVES: To perform melanocytes transplantion in patients with vitiligo using a new needling micrografting technique. PATIENTS and METHODS: This interventional case study took place at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology at Baghdad Teaching Hospital from December 2010 to September 2011. Twelve patients with vitiligo were included. A split-thickness skin graft was taken from the normal area and cut into micropieces ranging from 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm in diameter. The recipient area was anesthetized, and the micrografts were then implanted into the dermis using the needling technique. The number

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 24 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Therapeutic Effects of Vitamin E in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Open-Labeled Clinical Trial
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Abstract: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the widespread chronic liver diseases; it is ranging from simple fat buildup in the liver (steatosis) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) presence of inflammation and hepatocyte injury.                                                                                                                                        &nb

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Plant Archive
The enhancement of drought tolerance for plant onion (allium cepa l.) inoculated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
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Publication Date
Tue Apr 13 2021
Journal Name
Latin American Journal Of Pharmacy
The Experience with Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Al-Basra, Iraq: Predictors of the disease severity
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SUMMARY. The objectives of the present study were to assess the possible predictors of COVID-19 severity and duration of hospitalization and to identify the possible correlation between patient parameters, disease severity and duration of hospitalization. The study included retrospective medical record extraction of previous coron avirus COVID-19 patients in Basra hospitals, Iraq from March 1st and May 31st, 2020. The information of the participants was investigated anonymously. All the patients’ characteristics, treatments, vital signs and laboratory tests (hematological, renal and liver function tests) were collected. The analysis was conducted using the SPSS (version 22, USA). Spearman correlation was used to measure the relations

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 21 2020
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF CONTRACAECUM RUDOLPHII HARTWICH, 1964 (NEMATODA: ANISAKIDAE) FROM THE CORMORANT PHALACROCORAX CARBO IN IRAQ
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Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich, 1964 is a nematode which causes major concerns to human and wildlife animal’s health. However, the population genetics of C. rudolphii has been poorly studied in Iraq. In order to gain a deeper understanding in the outline of the genetic diversity of the nematode C. rudolphii that were isolated from its host cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus, 1758), in the middle areas of Iraq, twenty specimens of C. rudolphii adults were isolated from nine individuals of P. carbo. The first (ITS-1) internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of C. rudolphii were amplified using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR); then, the amplicons were subjected to sequencing. Concatenation of ITS

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Integral transforms defined by a new fractional class of analytic function in a complex Banach space
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Abstract<p>In this effort, we define a new class of fractional analytic functions containing functional parameters in the open unit disk. By employing this class, we introduce two types of fractional operators, differential and integral. The fractional differential operator is considered to be in the sense of Ruscheweyh differential operator, while the fractional integral operator is in the sense of Noor integral. The boundedness and compactness in a complex Banach space are discussed. Other studies are illustrated in the sequel.</p>
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Publication Date
Tue Oct 23 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Effect of Dividend Policy on Earnings Quality in The Companies listed in Iraq Stock Exchange
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The dividends is one of difficult and important decisions taken by the administration in the economic units, because this decision has a direct impact on the investor and economic unit, so the main objective of any investor is achieve earnings, as well as information borne by dividends about the earnings quality of the economic unit and the level and efficiency of management to achieving earnings.

The research aims at explaining the effect of the dividends policy on the earnings quality in the companies listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange. The Miller model was used to measu

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
Evaluating the Production Stats for Student Films in The Department of Film & TV: براق أنس المدرس
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It's for sure that TV or cinematic production requires an effort that is described to be large according to the script , thus we find a production sectors that couldn't fulfill these tasks especially in Iraq for its current challenges , although we found the department of film & television have a large quantity that could be described as big comparing to the Iraqi production sectors , alongside what it does provides to the Iraqi dramatic movement , but the cause that the management of this department is looking for is the quality that osmosis an dramatic & atheistic value , this production quantity that is productions operations frequently is attacked by lagging that came from many reasons that " May or May not " known to the spe

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
The impact of e-learning on the cognitive level in the Corona crisis: أسماء غازي عبد
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E-learning is a necessity imposed by the Corona pandemic, which has disrupted various educational institutions in the world, but some of these institutions have not been affected and education has continued with them, due to their flexible educational system that was able to employ technology in the continuity of the educational process in the so-called e-learning, because It has characteristics that make it the most suitable alternative to avoid the consequences of the Corona pandemic and its damage to the educational process, as e-learning is one of the modern methods that contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of the learner, and enabling him to assume greater responsibility compared to traditional education, so the learner becomes

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