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Evaluation of obesity, smoking, and sedentary lifestyle associations with low back pain in young adults
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Background: low back pain is one of the most common public health problems and of the most common musculoskeletal complaint. Many risk factors have been considered for developing low back pain include smoking, obesity and sedentary lifestyle.

Aim of study: To evaluate smoking, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle associations with low back pain in young adults aged (18 – 39 years).

Methods: a comparative cross sectional study for young adults aged 18 – 39 years, participants with low back pain as a symptom constitutes the first group, others free of this symptom considered as the control group. Age and gender matched in both groups. Smoking, obesity and sedentary life style variables collected and analyzed statistically using odd ratio and chi-square

Results: One hundred patients were enrolled in the study after 12 patients being removed due to our exclusion criteria. 45 patients were with low back pain, 2:1 male to female ratio, For LBP group; data show 30:15 obese to none obese ratio, 23:22 smokers to none smoker ratio, and ratio of 35:10 with sedentary lifestyle compared to active one. While in the control group, data show 22:33 obese to none obese ratio, 16:39 smokers to none smoker ratio, and ratio of 23:32 with sedentary lifestyle compared to active one. Using Chi-square test, the P- value was of 0.0079, 0.025 and 0.0003 for obesity, smoking, and sedentary lifestyle, respectively. The odds ratio was 3, 2.55 and 4.86 for obesity, smoking, and sedentary lifestyle, respectively. All above results were statistically significant.

Conclusion: Each of smoking, obesity and sedentary lifestyle is statistically correlated with low back pain in young adults' age group.

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Mixed Convection in a Square Cavity Filled with Porous Medium with Bottom Wall Periodic Boundary Condition
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Transient mixed convection heat transfer in a confined porous medium heated at periodic sinusoidal heat flux is investigated numerically in the present paper. The Poisson-type pressure equation, resulted from the substituting of the momentum Darcy equation in the continuity equation, was discretized by using finite volume technique. The energy equation was solved by a fully implicit control volume-based finite difference formulation for the diffusion terms with the use of the quadratic upstream interpolation for convective kinetics scheme to discretize the convective terms and the temperature values at the control volume faces. The numerical study covers a range of the hydrostatic pressure head , , , , and ), sinusoidal amplitude range of

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 28 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
The Study of the Motor coincidence and sensitive- Kinetic Perception and its Relation them with Artistic Performance Level in Gymnastics Skills for Women
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The aim of this study was Identifying the relation of coordination and kinesthetic perception with artistic performance level in gymnastics skills for students in second class from the college of physical education/ university of Baghdad/ Al - jadreia .The searchers have been used the descriptive method in scanning style .The subject of this search has been taken (45) female - student in second class from the college of physical education/ university of Baghdad . The searchers have reached into specific conclusions concerning with statistic analysis about immoral joint relation between sensitive- kinetic coincidence and realization and with Artistic Performance Level in Gymnastics Skills for Women for second class .The an important recommen

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 10 2026
Journal Name
Proximus Journal Of Sports Science And Physical Education
ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST AND ITS EFFECT ON THE DECENTRALIZED WORK OF OFFICIALS IN ORGANIZING AND MANAGING LOCAL CHAMPIONSHIPS AFFILIATED WITH THE IRAQI ATHLETICS FEDERATION
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The aim of the study is to identify the stage of both decentralized performance and organizational confidence with through those responsible the decentralized work of officials in organizing and managing local championships affiliated with the Iraqi Athletics Federation from their perspective. The study employed a descriptive approach using a correlational method on a sample of those managing local championships of the Iraqi Athletics Federation, including members , coaches, referees, and the president of the central administrative board, as well as the members and presidents of the subfederations for the sports (2020/2021).

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Lecture Notes In Civil Engineering
Evaluation the Level of Service of Signalized Intersection: Al-Amreia Intersection as a Case Study
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Abstract<p>One of the main element in the network is the intersection which consider as the critical points because there are many conflict in this element. The capability and quality of operation of an intersection was assessed to provide a better understanding of the network's traffic efficiency. In Baghdad city, the capital of/Iraq the majority of the intersections are operated under the congestion status and with level of service F, therefore theses intersection are consider as high spot point of delay in the network of Baghdad city. In this study we selected Al-Ameria signalized intersection as a case study to represent the delay problem in the intersections in Baghdad. The intersection is located in the w</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri Jul 21 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
EVALUATION OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT SECURITY ISSUES APPLIED TO COMPUTER CENTER OF BAGHDAD UNIVERSITY (CASE STUDY)
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Information security contributes directly to increase the level of trust between the government’s departments by providing an assurance of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive governmental information. Many threats that are caused mainly by malicious acts can shutdown the egovernment services. Therefore the governments are urged to implement security in e-government projects.
Some modifications were proposed to the security assessment multi-layer model (Sabri model) to be more comprehensive model and more convenient for the Iraqi government. The proposed model can be used as a tool to assess the level of security readiness of government departments, a checklist for the required security measures and as a commo

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
Performance Evaluation of a Combined Electrocoagulation– Electrooxidation Process for the Treatment of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater
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Abstract<p>The present study investigates the application of a combined electrocoagulation-electrooxidation (EC-EO) process for the treatment of wastewater generated from Al-Dewaniya petroleum refinery plant in Iraq. The EC-EO process was examined in terms of its ability to simultaneously produce coagulant and oxidant agents by using a parallel plate configuration system composed of stainless steel plates as cathode and pair of aluminum and graphite plates as anode at two different current concentrations (1.92A/l and 0.96A/l). The results showed that the best conditions for treatment of Al-Dewaniya petroleum refinery wastewater using the combined approach were current concentration of (0.96A/l), current density</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 07 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Evaluation of an education program upon women's knowledge toward management of Breast Self – Examination(BSE)
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To determine the evaluation of education program on women's knowledge regarding managing BSE. The present quasi- experimental study, Non-probability (purposive), sample consisting of (260) women who are employee, and students in both colleges (Nursing college, Medical and Health Techniques College). The sample consist of two groups, study group (130) including those in (Nursing college), and control group (130) in (Medical and Health Techniques College). A questionnaire was constructed which included, Demographic information, Reproductive information, Family history, Previous medical history, and information about women's knowledge toward management of breast self examination (BSE). Instrument validity and reliability was determined. Data w

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 07 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Evaluation of the Hardness of Cold Cured Acrylic Resin Material by Processing at Different Temperature
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Objective(s): This study aims to evaluate the hardness of two commercially available cold cured acrylic resin material
(Vertex and PAN) when polymerized at different temperature in comparison to those polymerized by conventional
methods in air at 23C ± 5C.
Methodology: Eighty specimens, forty from cold cured acrylic (Vertex Type) and forty from cold cured acrylic (PAN
type) were prepared, flasking and packing procedure were done according to manufacturer direction and divided
according to processing as follow: 20 specimens (10 from Vertex type and 10 from PAN type) were processed in air for
two hours at 23C ± 5C under press (bench curing) as a control, and 60 specimens (30 from Vertex type and 30 from
PAN type) wer

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2022
Journal Name
Archives Of Razi Institute
Prognostic Value of Intracellular Transcription of Factors HIF-1α and p53 and Their Relation to Estradiol and TNM Parameters of Breast Cancer Tissues in Women with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq
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Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women's health, with an increasing incidence worldwide. This study aimed to measure the intracellular concentration of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α), tumor suppression protein p53, and estradiol (E2) in tumor tissues of adult females with breast cancer and their relation to tumor grade, tumor size, and lymph node metastases (LNM). The study was conducted on 65 adult female participants with breast mass admitted to the operating theater in Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital and Al-Habboby Teaching Hospital in Nasiriyah, Iraq, from January to November 2021. Fresh breast tumor tissues were collated and homogenized for intracellular biochemical analysis using the enzyme-linked immuno

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 04 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Semigroup ideal in Prime Near-Rings with Derivations
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In this paper we generalize some of the results due to Bell and Mason on a near-ring N admitting a derivation D , and we will show that the body of evidence on prime near-rings with derivations have the behavior of the ring. Our purpose in this work is to explore further this ring like behavior. Also, we show that under appropriate additional hypothesis a near-ring must be a commutative ring.

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