Backgrround:: Cholera is gastroenteritis caused by enterotoxin producing Vibrio cholera. Cholera is predominantly a waterborne disease especially in countries with inadequate sanitation. Several rapid methods have been developed and used to detect V. cholerae serotypes directly from stools.
Objjecttiives:: to evaluate a rapid and accurate method for the diagnosis of cholera caused by V. cholerae O1 and O139 serogroups d to find the incidence of sporadic cases of cholera in Baghdad.
Metthods:: Sixty four stool samples were collected from four hospitals in Baghdad. The age of patients ranging from two months to 12 years, 26 were females and 38 males. Immunochromatographic visual test for qualitative detection of O1 and /or O139 serogroups was used as well as routine culture procedure for isolation of V. cholerae.
Resulltts:: Immunochromatographic visual test shows that, out of 64 stool samples only 16 was positive (23.4%). Fifteen of them belong to O1 serotype and one belong O139 serotype. Stool sample culture on alkaline peptone water and then on Thiosulfate Citrate Bile salts Sucrose (TCBS) agar enhance the growth of 11(68.75%) V. cholerae isolates out of 16 that were positive by using immunochromatographic visual test. Sensitivity of culture and immunochromatographic test was 68.75% and 100% respectively.
Concllusiions:: V. cholerae O1 is more predominant than V. cholerae O139 among V. cholerae strains isolated from sporadic cases of cholera in Baghdad. Immunochromatographic test is rapid, accurate and more sensitive than culture method in recover V. cholerae strains.
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The novel Vierordt’s approach, or simultaneous equation method, was created and validated for the concurrent determination of vincristine sulfate (VCS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in pure solutions utilizing UV spectrophotometry. It is simple, precise, economical, rapid, reliable, and accurate. This method depends on measuring absorbance at two wavelengths, 296 nm and 278 nm, which correspond to the λmax of VCS and BSA in deionized water, respectively. The calibration curves of VCS and BSA are linear at concentration ranges of 10–60 μg/mL and 200–1600 μg/mL, with correlation coefficient values (R2) of 1 and 0.999, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LO
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The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the cyanobacterium Scytonema hofmanni Var. calcicolum from the domestic drinking tanks as a new record in Iraqi drinking water. Scytonema hofmanni var. calcicolum, a filamentous freshwater cyanobacterium (blue-green alga). This alga was isolated from the walls of the domestic plastic water tanks in Al- karkh/ Baghdad city on July 2014. The sampling was performed by collecting three samples from this tanks, the three examined samples microscopically revealed the dominance of this cyanobacterium as unialgal in the studied samples. The results showed this alga has the ability to tolerate high temperature up to 42 Cº and very low light intensity inside the tanks which up to 10 μE/m²/s.
Graphite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using mixture of H2O2/NH4OH with three steps of oxidation. The process of oxidations were analysis by XRD and optics microscopic images which shows clear change in particle size of graphite after every steps of oxidation. The method depend on treatments the graphite with H2O2 in two steps than complete the last steps by reacting with H2O2/NH4OH with equal quantities. The process did not reduces the several sheets for graphite but dispersion the aggregates of multi-sheets carbon when removed the Van Der Waals forces through the oxidation process.
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Background: Varicose vein (VV) is a common problem that mostly occurs in legs. This medical condition can influence the quality of life and working condition of nurses. Aim of the study: To estimate the prevalence of lower limbs varicosity and its associated risk factors among nurses. Methods: This a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 100 nurses working Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Surgical Specialties Hospital, and Al- Kidney Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq from January 1st to May 10th, 2022. The participants were recruited in the study using systematic random sampling. The Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity and Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaires were used for data gathering. Results: The prevalence o
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A reliable and environmental analytical method was developed for the direct determination of tetracycline using flow injection analysis (FIA) and batch procedures with spectrophotometric detection. The developed method is based on the reaction between a chromogenic reagent (vanadium (III) solution) and tetracycline at room temperature and in a neutral medium, resulting in the formation of an intense brown product that shows maximum absorption at 395 nm. The analytical conditions were improved by the application of experimental design. The proposed method was successfully used to analyze samples of commercial medications and verified throughout the concentration ranges of 25–250 and 3–25 µg/mL for both FIA and batch procedures, respecti
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The study included the investigation of fungi which associated with heavy animal's leather (Cows and Buffalos) and light (Sheep’s and Goats )through different processing stages (raw hides ,dehairing ,pickling,chrome tanned and stainning or finished stages)there were 10 genera and 25 species in addition to sterile fungi associated with animal leathers which included Alternaria ,Aspergillus,Cladosporium,Fusarium, Mucor , Penicillium , Rhizopus , and Trichoderma .Aspergillus and Penicillium have observed in all leather samples and different processing stages, and that the first time isolate two genera Helminthosporium , Stemphylium form leather for staining stage.
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The aim of this stud to isolate and identified of A. fumigatus from different sources and study the genetic diversity among these isolates by using RAPD and ISSR markers.Collected 20 samples from 7samples were isolated A. fumigatusisolates were characterized depending on its morphological, then extracted DNA from its.RAPD markersrandomly bandingwith sitesof genome more than ISSR markers where the primer OPN-07 achieved discriminative power (19.1) and 43 bands, while ISSR6 achieved discriminative power (17.1) with 32 bands.ISSR were more efficiency in specific binding then RAPD, ISSR primers has great a binding to production unique band, when 9 primers from 01 primers, ISSR9 was produce (5) unique bands, while RAPD markers was low ability
... Show MoreGram-positive enterococciare opportunistic and resistant to many antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Enterococcus spp. in our community and whether these isolates are resistant to the macrolides class of antibiotics. Fifty isolates from 112 clinical samples were recognized as Enterococcus spp. and confirmed using Vitek-2 system. The current study found that 50/112 (44.6%) represented the total isolates, 38/50 (76%) of which were Enterococcus faecalis, while 12/50 (24%) were Enterococcus faecium, twenty (40%) isolates from root canals and 30 (60%) isolates from urine were isolated. The sensitivity of the enterococcal isolates to various macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin) antibiotics wa
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Background: Toxoplasmosis is a very common infection caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. This parasite is called Toxoplasma gondii widely distributed around the world . Toxoplasma gondii can be vertically transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and may cause wide range of clinical manifestations in the offspring.
Objective: To determine seroprevalence Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM ) to toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women and to identify the risk factors.
Type of the study: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: A total of 110 blood samples of pregnant women were collected from
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