Background: intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA) is an effective method of producing anaesthesia of the extremities. Disadvantages are the rapid loss of anaesthesia after the deflation of the tourniquet and the rapid development of postoperative pain. It is important to search for agents with longer durations of action, better nerve fibre selectivity, lesser degrees of motor blockade and lower incidences of systemic toxicity.Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate and compare the clinical effects of intravenous regional anaesthesia, with lidocaine alone, or in a combination with ketamine and atracurium for better analgesia, and to examine the possible clinical advantages of using muscle relaxants (i.e., atracurium) with intravenous regional anaesthesia.Methods: In prospective, randomized study, sixty patient ASA physical status I, aged 20-50years underwent surgeries on distal regions of upper limbs, patient assigned randomly into 3 groups each of 20 patients, group I received 30ml of 0.5% lidocaine (150mg), group II received 30ml of mixing 0.5% of lidocaine (100mg) plus 30mg ketamine, while group III received 30ml of mixing 0.5% lidocaine (100mg) plus 30mg ketamine plus 2mg atracurium. All the results were tabulated and analyzed statistically with student's unpaired t-test and chi-square test. Results: Addition of 30mg of ketamine to 0.5% lidocaine resulted in rapid onset of sensory block, motor block, and lower visual analogue scale scores for pain compared with the group that received lidocaine only. The addition of atracurium to the combination of lidocaine and ketamine resulted in improved operating conditions and rapid onset of both sensory and motor blocks with less pain during surgery.Conclusions: drug combination of ketamine, atracurium and low dose of lidocaine lead to rapid onset of sensory block, motor block, lower VAS score for pain, and decrease adverse effect of Bier’s block accompany lidocaine alone, decrease drowsiness which accompany ketamine use alone in IVRA
A factorial experiment (2× 3) in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted to examine the effect of honeycomb selection method using three interplant distances on the vegetative growth, flowering, and fruit set of two cultivars of bean, Bronco and Strike. Interplant distances used were 75× 65 cm, 90× 78 cm, and 105× 91 cm (row× plant) represent short (high plant density), intermediate (intermediate plant density), and wide (low plant density) distance, respectively. Parameters used for selection were number of days from planting to the initiation of first flower, number of nodes formed prior to the onset of first flower, and number of main branches. Results showed significant superiority of the Strik
... Show MoreObjective: This study evaluated the effect of immediate dentin sealing on the marginal adaptation of lithium disilicate overlays with three different types of resin-luting agents: preheated composite, dual-cure adhesive resin, and flowable composite. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight maxillary first premolars of similar size were prepared with a butt joint preparation design. The teeth were separated into two primary groups, each with twenty-four teeth: Group DDS: Delay dentin sealing (non-IDS) teeth were not treated. Group IDS: dentin sealing was applied immediately after teeth preparation. Each group was subsequently separated into three separate subgroups. Subgroups (DDS+Phc, IDS+Phc): cemented with preheated composite (Enamel plus HRi,
... Show MoreIn the present research, the nuclear deformation of the Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ar, and Kr even–even isotopes has been investigated within the framework of Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov method and SLy4 Skyrme parameterization. In particular, the deform shapes of the effect of nucleons collective motion by coupling between the single-particle motion and the potential surface have been studied. Furthermore, binding energy, the single-particle nuclear density distributions, the corresponding nuclear radii, and quadrupole deformation parameter have been also calculated and compared with the available experimental data. From the outcome of our investigation, it is possible to conclude that the deforming effects cannot be neglected in a characterization o
... Show MoreThis experiment was conducted at Poultry Research Station of the Animal Resources Research Department-Office Agricultural Research-Ministry of Agriculture in Iraq, during a period of 16 weeks (four periods and each period of four weeks) from 21 th April to 10 th August 2019. In this experiment 240 Japanese quail's female 9 weeks old, were used in this experiment. Females were randomly assigned to five treatments with three replicates per treatment (16 females/replicate). The experimental treatments were T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 with an addition of Spirulina in an average of (0, 1, 2, 3, 4%) respectively in the diets of quail to study their effect on productive performance. The results of the experiment showed significant increase (P≤0.05) re
... Show MoreThe Risks Faced by Britain in their Areas of Influence at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century Drove her to the Alliance with the State of European such as France, and Contributed to the Tireless and made by the British and French Politicians in the Consolidation of Friendly Relations between the two Countries Efforts and Strengthened Cooperation in a Positive Way to Visit the king of Britain's Edward VII to France, Offset by Visit French President Loubet to Britain in the Same Year, those Negotiations Bore Fruit between the two Countries for Reaching a Contract Arbitration and Decisiveness between Britain and France Treaty on the Fourteenth of November 1903, Promised that Treaty First Step that Paved the Way for a General Agreement be
... Show MoreA batch adsorption system was applied to study the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by Iraqi bentonite and treated bentonite with different amount of zinc oxide (ZnO). The adsorption capacities of methylene blue onto bentonite were evaluated. The equilibrium between liquid and solid phase was described by Langmuir model better than the Freundlich model. Langmuir and Freundlich constants have been determined. The separation factor or equilibrium parameter, RL which is used to predict if an adsorption system is favourable or unfavourable was calculated for all cases.
Background: Odontogenisis is a complex process controlled by dynamic and reciprocal interactions that regulated by various molecules. Thymosin β4 is a small bioactive peptide with wide spectrum biological effects on much cell types. The present study was designed to highlight the effect of synthetic exogenous Tβ4 on developing dental tissue of the upper central teeth of rats, by histological examination and immunohistochemical evaluation of TGFβ1. Materials and method: Thirty six Albino Wister pregnant rat 18control group received intraperitoneal injection of normal saline and the others are experimental group received 50µg/300µl of Tβ4 injection. The animals were sacrificed at periods 16th and 18th day I.U.L and one day p
... Show MoreAn experimental investigation has been made to study the influence of using v-corrugated aluminum fin on heat transfer coefficient and heat dissipation in a heat sink. The geometry of fin is changed to investigate their performance. 27 circular perforations with 1 cm diameter were made. The holes designed into two ways, inline arrangement and staggered in the corrugated edges arrangement. The experiments were done in enclosure space under natural convection. Three different voltages supplied to the heat sink to study their effects on the fins performance. All the studied cases are compared with v-corrugated smooth solid fin. Each experiment was repeated two times to reduce the error and the data recorded after reaching t
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