Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder and its etiology appears to be complex and multifactorial; characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation and infertility. It’s associated with evidence of low-grade chronic inflammation, as indicated by the presence of elevated levels of high sensitive C- reactive protein levels, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. The source of excess circulating tumor necrosis factor-α in obese Polycystic ovary syndrome patient is likely to be the adipose tissues while in lean women increased visceral adiposity has been proposed as a source of excess tumor necrosis factor-α.Objectives: to evaluate the levels of high sensitive C- reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome before and after treatment with metformin; with emphasis on their relationship with the improvement in ovulation rate and body mass index in Iraqi women.Methods: 69 Iraqi females with PCOS, with mean age of 25.8±4.4 years, body mass index 31.14±2.23 kg/m2 and insulin resistant equal to 3.15±0.25. Additionally, 30 healthy fertile women BMI= 26.87±3.1 kg/m2 and mean age 23.4±2.8 years), the patients were treated with metformin 1500 mg/day for 3 months. Blood samples were obtained in the morning subsequent to an overnight fasting at baseline and at the end of the 12 weeks period of treatment, the samples were analyzed for plasma glucose level estimated by enzymatic colorimetric kit, while serum insulin , TNF-α, IL-6 , hs-CRP, Progesterone and sex hormone binding globulin . Results: BMI values were significantly increased at baseline value in patients (P<0.05) compared with healthy controls, then significantly decreased (12.9%) after treatment compared with baseline values, HOMA-IR index were significantly elevated in patients group at baseline compared with control, and significantly decreased by 17.4% after treatment. Regarding the influence of metformin on inflammatory markers, the present study demonstrated significant elevation of baseline levels (P<0.05) of TNF-α, hs-CRP and IL-6 compared with controls, and the baseline levels significantly decreased after treatment by 16%, 38% and 37% respectively. Meanwhile, sex hormone binding globulin levels were significantly decreased in PCOS patients compared with healthy controls, and significantly increased after treatment by 16.6%, also progesterone levels decline at baseline compared with control group, and it was increased significantly after treatment by 24%.Conclusions: The study detects an increased level of inflammatory cytokines, SHBG and decrease level of progesterone in Iraqi females with PCOS, and metformin therapy improves serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines associated with increased ovulation rate.
When dye is present in wastewater, it is considered a hazardous organic pollutant and must be eliminated. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the elimination of Malachite green (MG) and Methyl violet (MV) dyes using Ni foam (NiF) as an anode, along with stainless steel mesh electrodes as cathodes, and alum sludge (AS) as a third particle electrode in a three-dimensional electrocoagulation-flotation system (3DECF). With an electrolysis period of 30 minutes and pH = 7, response surface method was used to estimate the optimum conditions of studied parameters. These parameters were current density within the range of 1–5 mA/cm², concentration of NaCl within the range of 0.4 –1 g/L, and air flow rate within a range of 1–5 L/min.
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Electronic properties such as density of state, energy gap, HOMO (the highest occupied molecular orbital) level, LUMO (the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) level and density of bonds, as well as spectroscopic properties like infrared (IR), Raman scattering, force constant, and reduced masses for coronene C24, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) C24O5and interaction between C24O5and NO2gas molecules were investigated. Density functional theory (DFT) with the exchange hybrid function B3LYP with 6-311G** basis sets through the Gaussian 09 W software program was used to do these calculations. Gaussian view 05 was em
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DeepFake is a concern for celebrities and everyone because it is simple to create. DeepFake images, especially high-quality ones, are difficult to detect using people, local descriptors, and current approaches. On the other hand, video manipulation detection is more accessible than an image, which many state-of-the-art systems offer. Moreover, the detection of video manipulation depends entirely on its detection through images. Many worked on DeepFake detection in images, but they had complex mathematical calculations in preprocessing steps, and many limitations, including that the face must be in front, the eyes have to be open, and the mouth should be open with the appearance of teeth, etc. Also, the accuracy of their counterfeit detectio
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This work investigates the use of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) as a high-refractive-index material for quarter-wave distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) in photonic applications. In comparison to Si3N4, a-Si:H enables enhanced optical confinement, broader omnidirectional reflectance, and improved figures of merit, including higher Purcell and quality factors, while minimizing mirror complexity. To evaluate the practical impact of these advantages, a theoretical comparison is conducted between Fabry–Pérot cavities based on a-Si:H/SiO2 and Si3N4/SiO2 DBRs, examining resonance shifts as functions of cavity refractive index (1.0–3.0) and temperature (0–250 °C). The numerical results indicate that Si3N4/SiO2 planar Bragg caviti
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This work investigates the impacts of eccentric-inclined load on ring footing performance resting on treated and untreated weak sandy soil, and due to the reduction in the footing carrying capacity due to the combinations of eccentrically-inclined load, the geogrid was used as reinforcement material. Ring radius ratio and reinforcement depth ratio parameters were investigated. Test outcomes showed that the carrying capacity of the footing decreases with the increment in the eccentric-inclined load and footing radius ratio. Furthermore, footing tilt and horizontal displacement increase with increasing the eccentricity and inclination angle, respectively. At the same time, the increment in the horizontal displacement due t
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Hybrid architecture of ZnO nanorods/graphene oxide ZnO-NRs@GO synthesized by electrostatic self-assembly methods. The morphological, optical and luminescence characteristics of ZnO-NRs@GO and ZnO-NRs thin films have been described by FESEM, TEM, HRTEM, and AFM, which refers to graphene oxide have been coated ZnO-NRs with five layers. Here we synthesis ZnO-NRs@GO by simple, cheap and environmentally friendly method, which made it favorable for huge -scale preparation in many applications such as photocatalyst. ZnO-NRs@GO was applied as a photocatalyst Rodamin 6 G (R6G) dye from water using 532 nm diode laser-induced photocatalytic process. Overall degradation of R6G/ ZnO-NRs@GO was achieved after 90 minutes of laser irradiation while it ne
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