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Anal Fissure: Is it becoming a medical disorder? Review Article
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An anal fissure which does not heal with conservative measures as sits baths and laxatives is a chronic anal fissure. Physiologically, it is the high resting tone of the internal anal sphincter that chiefly interferes with the healing process of these fissures. Until now, the gold standard treatment modality is surgery, either digital anal dilatation or lateral sphincterotomy. However, concerns have been raised about the incidence of faecal incontinence after surgery. Therefore, pharmacological means to treat chronic anal fissures have been explored. A Medline and pub med database search from 1986-2012 was conducted to perform a literature search for articles relating to the non-surgical treatment of chronic anal fissure. Pharmacological sphincterotomy using Glyceryl trinitrate , Isosorbide dinitrate or calcium channel blockers are exciting alternative treatment , that relaxes the anal sphincter and, therefore, promote healing, the drawback of such medications are headache and poor compliance. With the introduction of Botulinum toxin as mean of chemical sphincterotom, topical injection of Botulinum toxin reduces the anal hypertonia which lasts for few months, allows the fissure to heal, thus eliminating the need for surgery without incidence of incontinence. Cure rates are over 60%, and the procedure can be repeated safely. Therefore, Botulinum toxin is a reasonable first-line management of chronic anal fissure and the relapses can be managed by surgery Keywords: Non-surgical treatment of anal fissure, fissure in ano, sphicterotomy,botulinum toxin in anal fissures, glyceryl trinitrate. Chemical sphincteratomy, pharmacological sphincteratomy.

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 05 2023
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
A Review of the Stereo lithography 3D Printing Process and the Effect of Parameters on Quality
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Stereo lithography (SLA) three-dimensional (3D) printing process is a type of additive manufacturing techniques that uses digital models from computer-aided design to automatically produce customized 3D objects. Around 30 years, it has been widely utilized in the manufacturing, design, engineering, industrial sectors and its applications in dentistry for manufacturing prosthodontics are very important. The stereo lithography technology is highly regarded because it can produce items with excellent precision especially when selecting the best process parameters. This review article offers a useful and scientific summary of SLA three-dimensional printing technology and its brief history. The specific type of 3D printers which is SLA t

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 05 2023
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
A Review of the Stereo lithography 3D Printing Process and the Effect of Parameters on Quality
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Stereo lithography (SLA) three-dimensional (3D) printing process is a type of additive manufacturing techniques that uses digital models from computer-aided design to automatically produce customized 3D objects. Around 30 years, it has been widely utilized in the manufacturing, design, engineering, industrial sectors and its applications in dentistry for manufacturing prosthodontics are very important. The stereo lithography technology is highly regarded because it can produce items with excellent precision especially when selecting the best process parameters. This review article offers a useful and scientific summary of SLA three-dimensional printing technology and its brief history. The specific type of 3D printers which is SLA type b

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 09 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The contents of the opening article of electronic newspaper (Al-Nabaa): (Analytical study of duration 2015 for 2018)
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The study aimed to identify what (isis) (Daesh) have been touched in the opening article of Al-Nabaa newspaper

This objective is organized for asset of sub-targets it is the knowledge of media discourse and for those who are directed and methods of employing the strong content debt organization and we used the survay method to monitor and understand the content of opening anticale and the researcher took the numbers of the newspaper for years 2015-2018 consist of 157

The results of this study are :

 

*  Use religious texts from (Holly qoran) (Abbreission of the prophetic) Remove from its context and empby them in justifying in what use of vio

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2020
Journal Name
Pakistan Journal Of Medical And Health Sciences
Relation of red cell width diameter with some electrophysiological parameters of symptomatic sinus node patients in Iraq(Article)
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Background: Dysfunction of sinoatrial node is a set of abnormal rhythms which are resulted from the sinoatrial node malfunctionof the sinus node, the chief natural cardiac pacemaker. The common, and occasionally, the single method for treatment of heart arrhythmias wasimplantation of pacemaker, which reduce symptoms exactly occurs after implantation. Aim: To detect the association between red cell width diameter (RDW) and some cardiac electrophysiology parameters in sinus node dysfunction in Iraqi patients such as SNRT and AH. Methods: A cross sectional study, was conducted on 59 patient ranging between 20-50 years old and involving 35 female and 24 male patients, suffering from an unexplained symptoms of sinoatrial node dysfunction (SND).

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Customers emotional blackmail and reduce it the new product- study of the opinions of a sample of customers who deal with peak economy for household items in najaf al Ashraf
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The challenges facing today's multi-customer and this is due to the multiplicity of products and speed in launching new products so search came to reveal the  reveal the of the new product classification standards through a relationship (good products, low interest products, useful products and products desired) and the customer emotionally blackmail through deportation (fear, obligation and guilt). dentified the problem of the research in several questions focused on the nature of the relationship between the variables of research, and for that outline supposedly to search it expresses the head of one hypothesis and branched out of which four hypotheses subset, but in order to ensure the validity of the ass

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 23 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of financial derivatives on the risk of foreign currency exchange volatility in enhancing the quality of profits - a method that is prescribed in the Iraqi environment
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The objective of this research is to develop a method for applying financial derivatives in the local environment to reduce the risk of foreign exchange rate fluctuations to enhance quality of accounting profits through Financial reporting to local units In accordance with international financial reporting standards, To accomplish this objective was selected a sample of Iraqi units exposed to the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency rates, As the research found:

  • many companies and banks in the local environment a lot of losses due to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
  • that financial derivatives in the Iraqi environment represent

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The research is based on a thesis not discussed: Test the strategy of the General Organization based on the model Wichler and Bakov A case study at the Iraqi Ministry of Interior
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The study aimed at identifying the strategic gaps in the actual reality of the management of public organizations investigated to determine the strategy used based on the study model. The study relied on the variable of the general organization strategy in its dimensions (the general organization strategy, the organization's political strategy and the defense strategy of the organization) The sample of the study was (General Directorate of Traffic, Civil Status Directorate and Civil Defense Directorate), formations affiliated to the Ministry of the Interior, for the importance of the activity carried out by these public organizations by providing them In order to translate the answers into a quantitative expression in the analysi

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 20 2024
Journal Name
Naunyn-schmiedeberg's Archives Of Pharmacology
The potential role of targeting the leptin receptor as a treatment for breast cancer in the context of hyperleptinemia: a literature review
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Since cancer is becoming a leading cause of death worldwide, efforts should be concentrated on understanding its underlying biological alterations that would be utilized in disease management, especially prevention strategies. Within this context, multiple bodies of evidence have highlighted leptin’s practical and promising role, a peptide hormone extracted from adipose and fatty tissues with other adipokines, in promoting the proliferation, migration, and metastatic invasion of breast carcinoma cells. Excessive blood leptin levels and hyperleptinemia increase body fat content and stimulate appetite. Also, high leptin level is believed to be associated with several conditions, including overeating, emotional stress, inflammation, obesity,

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
National Journal Of Physiology, Pharmacy And Pharmacology
The attitudes of final year medical and pharmacy students to interprofessional learning in Iraq
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Publication Date
Fri Aug 29 2025
Journal Name
Scr Med
Balloon Angioplasty in the Treatment of Children With Native Aortic Coarctation: Is Reintervention Predictable?
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Reintervention after balloon angioplasty is often considered inevitable in children with coarctation of the aorta (COA). The present study aimed to evaluate predictors of re-intervention after balloon angioplasty for COA, with the goal of identifying patient and procedural characteristics that may influence long-term outcomes

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