Background: ;Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. Approximately 85% of patients acutely infected with HCV progress to chronic liver disease with persistence of HCV-RNA for more than 6 months Among patients with chronic HCV infection , 15-20% progress to end-stage liver disease main transmission methods of the virus is by : blood and blood products ; sharing needles and acupuncture .Objective: To evaluate Iraqi patients infected with chronic HCV, including their treatment, and factors that affect their response to treatment .Methods :This study was performed at Gastroenterology and Hepatology hospital in Baghdad from January 2011 to March 2012.The study enrolled 90 patients with HCV Antibody positive (Ab +ve) , every patient subjected to thorough history taking and clinical examination, and complete investigations , some of the patients subjected to liver biopsy which is analyzed by Ishak classification , the data analyzed by chi square and P value <0.05 considered statistically significant..All these patients were treated with peg interferon alpha2a given once weekly and ribavirin given in two doses daily and follow up the patients during treatment regimen.Results: Ninety patients were enrolled, 66(73.3%) patients were male,24(26.7%) patients were female, patient age range from 18-63,mean age 41.4 year .The predominant genotype is genotype 1:45 (50%) patients , genotype 4:33(36.7%) patients .Only 27(30%)patients have viral load more than 600,000Uml while 63(70%) Patients have viral load less than 600,000Uml .34(37.7%) patients showed End treatment virological response.39 (42.2%) patients had been subjected to liver biopsy including those genotype 1 and4.There was a significant association between viral load and liver enzymes .Conclusion: There is a relatively low complete response to the treatment regimen for hepatitis C . Most of our patient with hepatitis C are discovered accidently, Most of them are male , young or middle age , asymptomatic or have minimal symptom , have low viral load .The commonest genotype is 1(50%) followed by genotype 4(36.7%) .Early virologic response were seen in most of the patients while end treatment response were seen in only 37.78% .
The purpose of research is highlighting the role of tax expenses in promoting direct foreign investment in Iraq, The main objective of the increase in the field of tax expenses is to manage the competition in the production of goods and services locally, in addition to the various qualities of the economical. As the search contributes to the idea of the role of the policy of the tax expenses in the promotion of foreign companies operating in Iraq. The analytical and transparent transparency used by adoption of cases of the relevant body of the tax body. For each image or form of tax expenses have been reliably related to the promotion of direct foreign investment, the taxpayers highlighted the annual controls, tax cuts as the sample was
... Show MoreBackground: Neonatal macrosomia is defined as a birth weight of more than 4000 g. Significant maternal and neonatal complications can result from the birth of macrosomic infants like hypoglycemia and birth injuries.Objectives: To determine the frequency of hypoglycemia in neonates with macrosomia in Amarah, IraqMethods: The study involved 146 macrosomic newborn neonates delivered in 2 maternity hospitals in Amarah, Iraq during a period from June 2011 to June 2014.Results: Hypoglycemia was observed in 16% of neonates affected by macrosomia. Maternal diabetes was the most common cause of fetal macrosomia (28%).Our results were compared with those from other parts of the world.Conclusion Macrosomia is associated with increase rate ofneonata
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Background: Despite the fact that asthma is a long-term disease that may be treated, many people are unable to control their symptoms due to a lack of knowledge about their condition. The study's purpose was to find out if a pharmacist intervention improved asthma management because of this.
Objective: this study designed to assess the effect of pharmaceutical care on pulmonary functions test.
Method: The study was completed in three months. The patients who were enrolled were divided into two groups: Group 1 consists of 23 asthma patients who were randomly assigned to receive conventional therapy for chronic bronchial asthma based on disease stage and se
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Background: H.pylori colonized gastric mucosal
epithelium will virtually develop gastritis and had the
capacity to persist for decades. Pathogenesis is
dependent upon strain, virulence host genetic
susceptibility, and environmental cofactors. Leptin is
a member of the class 1 cytokine family so altered
leptin production during ifnect and inflammation that
leptin part of the cytokine cascade ,which
orchestrates the defense mechanism.
Objective: Examin the effect of H.pylori infection
on serum leptin level.
Methods: One hundred and thirty(130) Patients
attending the Endoscopic Unit at "Gastroenterology
and Hepatology Teaching Hospital/ Baghdad Medical
City"were included in this study with ages rang
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Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare centering ability and canal transportation of simulated S-shaped canals instrumented with four different types of rotary nickel-titanium systems. Materials and Methods: Forty simulated S-shaped canals in resin blocks were divided into four groups of ten each and were instrumented to an apical size 25 by different instrumentation technique using ProTaper Universal files (group A), ProTaperNext (group B), Reciproc (group C) and WaveOne (group D).Centering ability and canal transportation was measured at (11) measuring points from D0 to D10 bysuperimposion of the pre- and post-operative images obtained by using digital camera in standardized manner. An assessment of the canals
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