Background: Cystoid Macular Edema (CME) in its various forms can be considered one of the leading causes of central vision loss in the developed world. It is not a disease itself, It represents a common pathologic sequel of the retina and occurs in a variety of pathological conditions such as, diabetic retinopathy, central or branch retinal vein occlusion(CRVO,BRVO), intraocular inflammation and following cataract extraction. Objective: This study was done to investigate the pattern of CME in patient attending Erbil Teaching Hospitals.Type of the study: Cross- sectional study.Methods and Materials: This is a hospital base cross- sectional study that included 61 patients (75 eyes) conducted at Erbil Teaching Hospitals for six months. All patients underwent a comprehensive assessment including medical and ophthalmic history, detailed ophthalmic examination and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) examination.Results: of the 61 patients 32 (52.5%) were females and 29 (47.5%) were males. The mean age was (56.4±10.8) years. Out of the 75 eyes included in the study, 41 eyes (54.66%) had diabetic retinopathy, 10 eyes (13.34%) had CME following cataract operation (Irvine-Gass syndrome), 8 eyes (10.67%) had BRVO, 6 eyes (8%) were had CRVO, 5 eyes (6.66%) had age related macular degeneration, 3 eyes (4%) with uveitis, and 2eyes (2.67%) had Retinitis Pigmentosa. The average macular thickness was (415.6± 107).Conclusions: Diabetic retinopathy is the most common predictive factor of CME, followed by cataract surgery. CME is more severe in diabetic retinopathy, CRVO and after cataract surgery.
Supernova explosions are described as very violent events which transfer a significant amount of energy to interstellar media and are responsible for a large variety of physical processes. This study does not discuss the actual explosion mechanisms but follows the behavior of the dynamical evolution of some selected type I and type II supernova remnant and particularly after a thousand years from their explosion and shows how the density of the medium affects the evolution and the lifetime of each remnant. By studying such behaviors, a simplified model has been proposed here for the velocity and radius of the remnant after thousand years of explosion that depends only on the density of the medium and age of the remnant. It has been found th
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Nanoparticles of copper sulfide have been prepared by simple reaction between using copper nitrate with different concentrations ratio 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mM, thiourea by a simple chemical route. The prepared Nano powders have been deposited onto glass substrates by casting method at 60°C. The structure of the product Nano- films has been studied by x-ray diffraction, where the patterns showed that all the samples have a hexagonal structure of covellite copper sulfide with the average crystalline sizes 14.07- 16.51 nm. The morphology has been examined by atomic force microscopy, and field emission scan electron microscopy. The AFM images showed particles with almost spherical and rod shapes with average diameter sizes of 49.11- 90.64 nm.
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Abstract
The entities responsible for regulating the financial market are seeking to provide high quality accounting information, to provide appropriate protection to investors, and thus encourage them and attract them to increase their investments. the research reached several conclusion, the most prominent of which comes :-
1-The production of high quality accounting information reduces investment costs and costs of processing accounting information.
2- The production of high quality accounting information helps investors identify the best investment opportunities.
3- The results of the statistical analysis showed that there is significant
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A d.c. magnetron sputtering system was designed and fabricated. The chamber of this system is consisted from two copper coaxial cylinders. The inner one used as the cathode and the outer one used as anode with magnetic coil located on the outer cylinder (anode). The axial behavior of the magnetic field strength along the cathode surface for various coil current (from 2A to 14A) are shown. The results of this work are investigated by three cylindrical Langmuir probes that have different diameters that are 2.2mm, 1mm, and 0.45mm. The results of these probes show that, there are two Maxwellian electron groups appear in the central region. As well as, the density of electron and ion decreases with increases of magnetic field strengths.
The study aims at identifying the morphological and psycho-socio-economic qualities wished to be in a life partner among a sample of Palestinian youth. The total sample was (231) and consisted of (83) male and (148) female students. Each student presented a detailed report on the qualities he/she wished to be in life partner. The study used the descriptive approach and content analysis method. The validity and stability of the analysis were calculated. The results showed eight qualities in both groups: physical, psychological, emotional, social, intellectual, familial, economic and academic. Female students were found to have more variations than male students in terms of the qualities preferable in the life partner. Male students
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Attitude is an important subject that has attracted researchers and thinkers in organizational theory and organizational behavior because of its great importance in various field studies. Field evidence suggests that individuals in their daily lives or careers respond to specific events through a set of internal tendencies Internal tendencies are negative or positive and systematic. These trends tend to be invisible, not limited to certain boundaries, and involve a significant number of individuals within organizations or society.
The research aims to identify the impact of trends in the ethics of public service workers for individuals, through a sample of (72) doctors and (60) administrative staff
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