Background: Coronary artery disease remains the main cause of death despite several preventive programs. Epicardial adipose tissue is a visceral fat depot of the heart located along the large coronary arteries and on the surface of ventricles and apex. Intima media thickness is commonly recognized as the initial stage in the development of atherosclerosis. The development of ultrasound machines, advances in echocardiographic devices and high resolution transducers facilitate comprehensive analysis of epicardial fat thickness (EFT) and carotid –intima media thickness (C-IMT).
Aim: To investigate the relationship of echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness (EFT) and carotid –intima media thickness (C-IMT) with the severity of coronary artery disease.
Methods: A cross sectional multicenter diagnostic accuracy study carried out at Ibn Al-Nafis Cardiovascular Hospital, Ibn Al- Bitar Cardiology Center and Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital –Iraqi Center for Cardiology during the period between October 2016 and May 2017 assessing. History regarding demographic data and risk factors was taken. Two dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic measurements were done. EFT was measured from parasternal long axis view perpendicular to the right ventricular free wall. C-IMT was measured according to that recommended by the American society of echocardiography (ASE).
Results: The current study demonstrated that the EFT has a direct and significant correlation with the number of involved vessels (P value ˂ 0.001, r= 0.770). The validity of EFT to discriminate between multiple vessels disease and no vessel involvement is excellent (AUC= 0.984, cut point > 8mm, sensitivity=92.9%, specificity= 93.3%). There is inverse and significant correlation between ejection fraction (EF) and three vessels disease (P value ˂ 0.001, r= -0.507). Also there is a direct and significant correlation between C-IMT and severity of CAD. ROC analysis for validity of C-IMT to discriminate between multiple vessels disease and no vessel involvement is excellent (AUC= 0.961, cut point > 1.04mm, sensitivity=92.9%. specificity=86.7%). C-IMT is fair to discriminate between single vessel disease and no vessel involvement (AUC=0.738, cut point ˃ 0.84mm, sensitivity 100%), so if correlated with age, C-IMT above 0.84 can be used as a cut off point for the prediction of CAD. Finally, EFT and C-IMT are more likely to reflect severity of CAD than their ratio.
Conclusions: C-IMT and EFT are simple and reproducible parameters that can be used as a screening tool for the presence and severity of CAD especially before symptoms appearance in high risk patients
Atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema), is a common familial chronic inflammatory skin disease, determined by xerosis, itching, scaly and erythematous skin lesions, and high serum levels of IgE. Between 10 to 20% of children and 1 to 3% of adults worldwide affected by it and has negative medical and social effect on patients and their families. To evaluate the effectiveness of Phytosterol Fraction of Chenopodium Murale on induced atopic dermatitis (AD) of mice; Forty mice were included in the study, divided in to four groups (10 mice/group): apparently healthy, induced AD without treatment, induced AD treated with Tacrolimus 0.1% ointment, and induced AD treated with Phytosterol Fraction of Chenopodium Murale cream 3% topica
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This study aims to identify the most prominent factors that lead to bullying of students with intellectual disabilities in primary and middle schools from the perspectives of special education teachers. A quantitative descriptive approach was utilized. A questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The sample consisted of (72) male and female teachers from the Asir region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The results revealed the most prominent factors that lead to bullying as follows: factors associated with the school and its policies, factors associated with peers, factors associated with students with intellectual disabilities, and factors associated with general education teachers. The findin
... Show MoreThe preparation, spectroscopic characterisation of complexes derived from the mixed ligands with CdII, ZnII and CoII metal ions with Schiff base, Dithiocarbamates (DTCs) and 8-Hydroxyquinoline are reported. The compounds that prepared have been defined via; chloride content, F.T-IR, UV-Vis 1H-NMR spectroscopy and C.H.N.S, as well as conductance and magnetic susceptibility.All data which collected from such methods specified complexes with 6 coordinates in solution and solid states. The biologicalactivity that is related to all the prepared compounds which were screened for their antimicrobial activitiesagainst (G+ and (G- )). The data that collected from biological activity indicate that complexes will have extra activity against such teste
... Show MoreConcrete structures is affected by a deleterious reaction, which is known as Alkali Aggregate Reaction (AAR). AAR can be defined as a chemical reaction between the alkali content in the pore water solution of the cement paste and reactive forms of silica hold in the aggregate. This internal reaction produces expansion and cracking in concrete, which can lead to loss of strength and stiffness. Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) is one of the methods used to suppress further AAR expansion and rehabilitate and support damaged concrete structures. In this research, thirty-six cylindrical specimens were fabricated from non-reactive and reactive concrete, which contained fused silica as
Schiff base N,N'-Bis-(4-dimethylamino-benzylidene)-benzene-1,4-diamine has been synthesized from 4-dimethylaminobenzenaldehyde and benzene-1,4-diamine. The structure of Schiff base was obtained by (C.H.N.) microanalysis, Mass, 1HNMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectral methods and thermal analysis. Metal mixed ligand complexes of some metal(II) salts with Schiff base ligand and anthranilic acid were prepared in the molar ratio (1:2:2), (Metal):(SBL)2:(Anthra)2, (SBL)= Schiff base ligand, (Anthra) =anthranilic acid and Metal= Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II). The thermal behaviour (TGA) of the complexes was studied. The prepared complexes identified by using mass, thermal analysis, FT.IR and UV-Vis spectrum methods, on otherwise flame
... Show MoreIn this paper ,six new mixed metal ligand complexes are reported with Cephalexin (Ceph.H)as a primary ligand and Dimethylglyoxime (DMG) as secondary ligand with metal Chloride [MCl2 .nH2O. M=Mn(II),Co(II),Cu(II),Ni(II) and Zn(II),n=0-6] ,CrCl3.6H2O.The complexes are of (1:1:1)(Metal:Ligand: Ligand) Stoichiometry.The structures of these complexes are confirmed by using FT-IR and UV- electronic spectroscopies, magnetic moments, melting points, molar conductivity measurements and the metal % analysis revealed that the complexes analyze indicates a four coordinated as (A)=[M(HDMG) (Ceph)] .M=[Ni(II)and Zn(II).Six coordinated as (B) = K2[M(DMG)(CePh)(H2O)]. M= Mn (II),Co(II) and Cu(II) and (C)=[Cr(DMG)(Ceph)]Cl2. Interestingly, the in-vitro anti
... Show MoreAtrial fibrillation is associates with elevated risk of stroke. The simplest stroke risk assessment schemes are CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc score. Aspirin and oral anticoagulants are recommended for stroke prevention in such patients.
The aim of this study was to assess status of CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores in Iraqi atrial fibrillation patients and to report current status of stroke prevention in these patients with either warfarin or aspirin in relation to these scores.
This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out at Tikrit, Samarra, Sharqat, Baquba, and AL-Numaan hospitals from July 2017 to October 2017. CHADS2
... Show MoreAttention has recently been given to finding alternative and sustainable raw material sources for wood and metal adhesives, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), corn starch (CS), arabic gum (AG), and dextrins (D). Modifying polymer dispersion using unique substances, such as modifying reactive elastomer liquid (EL) using PVA, CS, AG, or D results in sufficiently moisture-resistant adhesive joins. In the present study, the physical characteristics of EL/blended with the natural polymers PVA, CS, AG, and D, based on high-density fiberboard (HDF) wood and aluminum (Al) adhesives and coatings, were investigated and compared to those of pure EL. The EL was blended with PVA, CS, AG, or D at a ratio of 60/40 (w/w) to form EL/blends. The che
... Show MoreThe preparation, spectroscopic characterisation of complexes derived from the mixed ligands with CdII, ZnII and CoII metal ions with Schiff base, Dithiocarbamates (DTCs) and 8-Hydroxyquinoline are reported. The compounds that prepared have been defined via; chloride content, F.T-IR, UV-Vis 1H-NMR spectroscopy and C.H.N.S, as well as conductance and magnetic susceptibility.All data which collected from such methods specified complexes with 6 coordinates in solution and solid states. The biologicalactivity that is related to all the prepared compounds which were screened for their antimicrobial activitiesagainst (G+ and (G-)). The data that collected from biological activity indicate that complexes will have extra activity against such tested
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