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International Cooperation in the Face of Internet Crimes
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في بداية الستينيات ظهرت شبكة الإنترنت لاستعمالها في أغراض غير تجارية ، ثم تطورت بشكل مذهل خلال السنوات الأخيرة، فبعد أن كانت مجرد شبكة صغيرة أصبحت الآن تضم ملايين المستخدمين حول العالم ، وتحولت من مجرد شبكة بحث أكاديمي إلى بيئة متكاملة للاستثمار والعمل والإنتاج والإعلام والحصول على المعلومات .

 وفي بداية تأسيس الشبكة لم يكن ثمة اهتمام بمسائل الأمن بقدر ما كان الاهتمام ببنائها وتوسيع نشاطها  إلا أنَّه بعد إتاحة الشبكة للعموم بدأ يظهر على الوجود ما يسمى بالجرائم المعلوماتية على الشبكة أو بواسطتها، وهي جرائم تتميز بحداثة الأسلوب وسرعة التنفيذ وسهولة الإخفاء والقدرة على محو آثارها وتعدد صورها وأشكالها، إضافة إلى اتصافها بالعالمية وعبورها للحدود . وقد صاحب تطور شبكة الإنترنت وانتشارها الواسع والسريع ظهور العديد من المشاكل القانونية ، فظهر على الساحة القانونية مصطلح جديد عرف باسم " الفراغ القانوني لشبكة الإنترنت "، وإزاء ذلك كان لابد من تكاتف جهود الدول من أجل مكافحة هذا النوع المستحدث من الجرائم التي لم تعد تتمركز في دولة معينة ولا توجه إلى مجتمع بعينه بل أصبحت تعبر الحدود لتلحق الضرر بعدة دول ومجتمعات مستغلة التطور الكبير للوسائل التقنية الحديثة في الاتصالات وتعزيز التعاون بين هذه الدول واتخاذ تدابير فعالة للحد منها والقضاء عليها ومعاقبة مرتكبيها .

ولمواجهة الصعوبات التي تواجه التعاون الدولي في مكافحة جرائم الإنترنت كان لا بد من اتخاذ إجراءات سريعة تتمثل في تحديث التشريعات الوطنية المتعلقة بالجرائم المعلوماتية وجرائم الإنترنت وإبرام اتفاقيات      (دولية، إقليمية، ثنائية) لمواجهة القصور في التشريعات والقوانين الحالية ، ومعالجة حالات تنازع القوانين والاختصاص القضائي وتحديث الإجراءات التحقيقية الجنائية بما يتناسب مع التطور الكبير الذي تشهده تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات ، وتأهيل القائمين على أجهزة تنفيذ القانون لتطوير معلوماتهم حول هذا النوع المستحدث من الجرائم

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 01 2025
Journal Name
Inorganic Chemistry Communications
Rapid sonochemical synthesis of Fe3O4@AC from waste rubber tires to use for azo dye removal
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Publication Date
Sat Mar 01 2025
Journal Name
Geoenergy Science And Engineering
Empirical model for predicting slug-pseudo slug and slug-churn transitions of upward air/water flow
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A pseudo-slug flow is a type of intermittent flow characterized by short, frothy, chaotic slugs that have a structure velocity lower than the mixture velocity and are not fully formed. It is essential to accurately estimate the transition from conventional slug (SL) flow to pseudo-slug (PSL) flow, and from SL to churn (CH), by precisely predicting the pressure losses. Recent research has showed that PSL and CH flows comprise a significant portion of the conventional flow pattern maps. This is particularly true in wellbores and pipelines with highly deviated large-diameter gas-condensate wellbores and pipelines. Several theoretical and experimental works studied the behavior of PSL and CH flows; however, few models have been suggested to pre

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 01 2026
Journal Name
Materials Today Communications
Tuning radiation attenuation performance of W-substituted nano-BiNb₁₋ₓWₓO₄ ceramics: A Monte Carlo simulation approach
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Publication Date
Mon Mar 27 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Synthesis of some Novel Nitrogenous Heterocyclic Compounds with Expected Biological Activity as Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Agents
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This study includes synthesis of some nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds linked to amino acid esters or heterocyclic amines that may have a potential  activity as antimicrobial and/or cytotoxic.  Quinolines are an important group of organic compounds that possess useful biological activity as antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor .8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) and numerous of its derivatives exhibit potent activities against fungi and bacteria which make them good candidates for the treatment of many parasitic and microbial infection diseases.

These pharmacological properties of quinolones  aroused our  interest in synthesizing several new compounds featuring heterocyclic rings of the quinoline derivatives linke

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Case Studies In Construction Materials
Push-out test of waste sawdust-based steel-concrete – Steel composite sections: Experimental and environmental study
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Publication Date
Fri Nov 03 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Synergistic Effects of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose and Cinnamic Acid with Erlotinib on NSCLC Cell Line
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Background: In spite of all efforts, Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a fatal solid tumor with a poor prognosis as of its high metastasis and resistance to present treatments. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as erlotinib are efficient in treating NSCLC but the emergence of chemoresistance and adverse effects substantially limits their single use. Objective: in this study, the combination treatments of either 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) or cinnamic acid (CINN) with erlotinib (ERL) were tested for their possible synergistic effect on the proliferation and migration capacity of NSCLC cells. Methods: In this study, NSCLC model cell line A549 was used to investigate the effects of single compounds and their combination on cell gro

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 23 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Surfactant Cloud Point Extraction as a Procedure of Preconcentrating for Metoclopramide Determination Using Spectro Analytical Technique
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In current article an easy and selective method is proposed for spectrophotometric estimation of metoclopramide (MCP) in pharmaceutical preparations using cloud point extraction (CPE) procedure. The method involved reaction between MCP with 1-Naphthol in alkali conditions using Triton X-114 to form a stable dark purple dye. The Beer’s law limit in the range 0.34-9 μg mL-1 of MCP with r =0.9959 (n=3) after optimization. The relative standard deviation (RSD) and percentage recoveries were 0.89 %, and (96.99–104.11%) respectively. As well, using surfactant cloud point extraction as a method to extract MCP was reinforced the extinction coefficient(ε) to 1.7333×105L/mol.cm in surfactant-rich phase. The small volume of organi

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Case Studies In Construction Materials
Push-out test of waste sawdust-based steel-concrete – Steel composite sections: Experimental and environmental study
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Publication Date
Fri May 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Alloys And Compounds
Effect of organic compounds and rough inorganic layer formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation on photocatalytic performance
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Plasma electrolytic oxidation and dip chemical coating as fabrication techniques are performed in ambient temperature and pressure, giving a competitive-edge in the commercial applicability. Thus, we proposed new compositions of flower-like hybrid materials, MgO-TiO2-HQ(8-hydroxyquinoline), MgOTiO2-HQ-APY(2-aminopyridine) and MgO-TiO2-HQ-APH(2-aminophenol), as photocatalysis with high corrosion resistance via a combination of plasma electrolytic oxidation and dip chemical coating in which 8-HQ, 2-APY, and 2-APH were used as the organic components. TiO2-HQ-APY and MgO-TiO2-HQ-APH exhibited improved simultaneous electrochemical and photocatalytic performance on photodecomposition of methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous solution in the presence o

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 31 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
A Modified Organic Method for Preparation of Ibuprofen Microcapsules As a Sustained Release Solid Dosage Form
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ABSTRACT:
Microencapsulation is used to modify and retard drug release as well as to overcome the unpleasant effect
(gastrointestinal disturbances) which are associated with repeated and overdose of ibuprofen per day.
So that, a newly developed method of microencapsulation was utilized (a modified organic method) through a
modification of aqueous colloidal polymer dispersion method using ethylcellulose and sodium alginate coating materials to
prepare a sustained release ibuprofen microcapsules.
The effect of core : wall ratio on the percent yield and encapsulation efficiency of prepared microcapsules was low, whereas
, the release of drug from prepared microcapsules was affected by core: wall ratio ,proportion of coa

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