The research aims to analyze the impact of exchange rate fluctuations (EXM and EXN) and inflation (INF) on the gross domestic product (GDP) in Iraq for the period 1988-2020. The research is important by analyzing the magnitude of the macroeconomic and especially GDP effects of these variables, as well as the economic effects of exchange rates on economic activity. The results of the standard analysis using the ARDL model showed a long-term equilibrium relationship, according to the Bound Test methodology, from explanatory (independent) variables to the internal (dependent) variable, while the value of the error correction vector factor was negative and moral at a level less than (1%). The relationship between EXM and GDP was inverse, with partial flexibility for EXM (-7.666), meaning that an increase in EXM (1%) will lead to a decrease in GDP (7.666%). This applies to the reality of the Iraqi economy, as the method used in recent times is to devalue the local currency. The effect of EXN was steady in the long run, with the partial flexibility of EXN (5.785), that is, an increase of EXN (1%) will lead to an increase in GDP (5.785%), and the model as a whole is statistically significant. The explanatory power of the model is high, as it was (R2=0.816), indicating that 81% of the changes in GDP in constant prices are due to the change in (EXM, EXN, and INF). The study concluded that in light of the outbreak of the coronavirus, the disruption of most economic projects, and the decline in the prices of the Iraqi government, as a result of the decrease in the balance of oil and oil revenues, as a result of the balance of the government part of the solution is to devalue the local currency by controlling the nominal exchange rate. At present, the Iraqi Monetary Authority recommends that the Managed Flexible Exchange System be continued as an effective means of avoiding external shocks for the Iraqi economy, as it allows for appropriate adjustments to be made continuously
السياسة الداخلية لعراق ما بعد الانتخابات 2010 دراسة في الثوابت والمتغيرات
مقدمة introduction تُعد تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي قاطرة الثورة الصناعية الرابعة، إذ تجاوزت حدود البرمجة التقليدية إلى التعلم العميق الذي مكّن الآلات من تنفيذ مهام بشرية معقدة، مثل تحليل الصور، ومعالجة اللغات الطبيعية، وإنتاج محتوى إبداعي. فأصبحت التطبيقات تعتمد على الذكاء الاصطناعي في جميع القطاعات، من الرعاية الصحية إلى التعليم، ومن الأمن إلى الفنون. ومع ذلك، مثلما أن كل تقدم يحمل في طياته إمكانات هائلة، فإنه يج
... Show Moreيتناول هذا البحث موقف ( صحيفة الاهرام) المصرية من تطورات الصراع في جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية خلال الفترة (1964 -1965) وهي مرحلة اتسمت باحتدام الازمات السياسية والنزاعات الداخلية في الكونغو مع زيادة التدخل الاجنبي في شؤون البلاد المتمثل بالولايات المتحدة الامريكية وبلجيكا وعلى هذا الاساس تم اختيار موضوع البحث والذي حددت بدايته بالتزامن مع عودة مويس تشومبي الى السلطة ، وما رافقها من صراعات وتمردات في الاقاليم
... Show MoreThe gas sensing properties of Co3O4and Co3O4:Y nano structures were investigated. The films were synthesized using the hydrothermal method on a seeded layer. The XRD, SEM analysis and gas sensing properties were investigated for Co3O4and Co3O4:Y thin films. XRD analysis shows that all films are polycrystalline in nature, having a cubic structure, and the crystallite size is (11.7)nm for cobalt oxide and (9.3)nm for the Co3O4:10%Y. The SEM analysis of thin films obviously indicates that Co3O4possesses a nanosphere-like structure and a flower-like structure for Co3O4:Y.The sensitivity, response time and recovery time to a H2S reducing gas were tested at different operating
... Show MoreThe research investigates the term innovation and its role in elaborating architectural practice based on diffusion. The complexity of the architectural field compared with other fields shows a problem in explaining how innovations in architecture diffuse as a thought and act in a certain context of practice. Therefore, the research aims to build an intellectual model that explains the way personal thoughts resembled by unique models introduced by creative and innovator designers diffuse in a certain pattern elaborate these models into a state of prevailing thought resembled by the movement in architecture. The research will apply its model to the more comprehensive movement in architecture, which is the modern movement,
... Show MoreDay after day, Morsek literature 879-1018/1492-1609proves the completion of all literary branches starting from poetry with its different purposes to include prose with its various subjects. In 2016, a complete text of ‘the literature of Morsek journey
Day after day, Morsek literature 879-1018/1492-1609proves the completion of all literary branches starting from poetry with its different purposes to include prose with its various subjects. In 2016, a complete text of ‘the literature of Morsek journeys
المستخلص: يهدف البحث الى التعرف على بقاء اثر المعلومة عن طريق الاجابة عن السؤال: ما مدى بقاء اثر التعلم بين التعليم الالكتروني والتعليم االحضوري ؟ تم تطبيق البحث في العام الدراسي( 2020-2021 م) في العراق. تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي بالاسلوب المقارن في عقد مقارنة بين التعليم الالكتروني والتعليم الحضوري. وكان مجتمع البحث من طلبة المرحلة الرابعة كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة – ابن الهيثم ,و العيتة من قسم الرياضيات الم
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