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نحو رؤيا استراتيجية لبناء القدرة التنافسية للاقتصاد والصناعة في العراق
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استهدفت هذه الدراسة تحليل واقع الاقتصاد العراقي على خلفية تحليل القدرة التنافسية بما يفضي الى وضع ملامح عامة لإستراتيجية بناء للقدرة التنافسية الوطنية للنهوض بالواقع الاقتصادي. وقد افترضت الدراسة ان الاقتصاد العراقي يعاني من اخفاقات شديدة في الاداء لا تتصل بطبيعته ولاتعتبر سمة اصيلة من سماته  بل هي ظرفية وطارئة رغم وجودها منذ عقود.

ان حالة الوهن المرافق للفعاليات الاقتصادية تتصل بغياب رؤية استراتيجية طويلة الاجل للنهوض بهذه الفعالية لمستويات تنافسية متماسكة العناصر والمرتكزات القائمة عليها، حيث اصبحت نظرية التجارة الحرة الكلاسيكية وهما بكل المقاييس لعدم تحقق الفرض الأساسي الذي تقوم عليه النظرية
(المنافسة التامة) لأسباب عديدة لعل اهمها المتغير التكنولوجي العسير على كثير من الدول اضافة لتكلفة الاستثمار العالية.

وبالتالي وفي ظل اقتصاد هذا السوق غير الكامل تلعب السياسات دورا كبيرا في تحديد القدرة التنافسية والتغلب على اخفاقات السوق وتحقيق التوازن من خلال مؤشرات وركائز تقسم الى ثلاث مراحل، تتصل الاولى بالمتطلبات الاساسية ثم مرحلة الكفاءة وصولا الى مرحلة المعرفة والابتكار، وكل ذلك في ظل سلوك يتحكم بالاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر لتنمية القدرات الوطنية والتناغم مع الاستراتيجات التنموية.

لقد شهدت العقود الخمسة المنصرمة تشوها مستمرا في هيكل الاقتصاد العراقي بسبب الاحداث السياسية والعسكرية التي تخللتها فضلا عن تداعيات المرض الهولندي والسياسات الاقتصادية الخاطئة التي تبنتها الحكومات المتعاقبة.

وفي محاولة مبسطة فقد استطلعت الدراسة اراء عينة صغيرة من وحدات الاعمال في العراق
(باستثناء كردستان) حول 12 مرتكزا للتنافسية وظهر ان الاقتصاد العراقي يعاني من اخفاق عام في التنافسية بنسبة 60% . وظهر ان اهم تلك الاخفاقات كامنة في معالجة الفساد والاستقرار السياسي والامني وولاء قوة العمل ووضوح الانظمة الضريبية اضافة الى فشل باقي المرتكزات.

ان المحاولات الحالية للحكومة لا زالت متواضعة وهي جذب الاستثمارات الاجنبية من خلال قانون الاستثمار وبعض الاتفاقات الاستثمارية الواعدة. الا ان ما ينبغي فعله يرتكز على اصلاح هيكل القرار الاستراتيجي المفضي الى استقرار سياسي وامني طويل الاجل وراسخ كشرط للإصلاح الاقتصادي الذي يؤطر استراتيجية للقدرة التنافسية تتخذ الملامح التالية:

المرحلة الابتدائية : بناء فريق عمل التنافسية وبناء المرصد الوطني للتنافسية.

مرحلة الانطلاق:

1) نشر مفهوم التنافسية الشامل بين مختلف شرائح قطاع الاعمال وبناء القدرة الوطنية.

2) قياس مؤشرات تنافسية الاقصاد العراقي ومقارنتها مع  مجموعة الدول الاخرى. 

3) المساعدة على تعزيز القدرة التنافسية لقطاع الاعمال العراقي عبر وضع منهجية تحليل السلسلة        التكنولوجية بالاعتماد على البحث الميداني والبحث المكتبي.

4) صياغة السياسات القطاعية بناءا على التحليل المذكور ودفعها لمتخذي القرار بهدف تعزيز ودعم      آلية جذب الاستثمارات. 

 

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