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Monetary policy constraints and economic reform programsThe reality of the Iraqi economy
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أن السياسة النقدية في العراق لم تشهد تحسناً كبيراً في دورها المطلوب
منها، وهذا يعود الى جملة من التغيرات على أدائها ودورها في التأثير على المتغيرات الأقتصادية المهمة، اذ حصلت ظروف صعبة على المستوى السياسي والأقتصادي اسهمت في أضعاف دورها في العراق. فالحروب العسكرية الثلاثة في وقت قياسي دمرت البنى التحتية للأقتصاد العراقي، وأخرت عملية التنمية الأقتصادية والبشرية لعدة عقود بسبب الأستنزاف الكبير للموارد الطبيعية والبشرية والتي كانت يتمتع بها العراق والحصار الأقتصادي في أوائل التسعينات أوقع العراق في مشاكل اقتصادية وأجتماعية جمة منها. على سبيل الذكر الفساد الأدارى والمالي وضياع فرص الاستثمار وظهور المضاربات والأسواق الموازية، وتغير النظام السياسي في نيسان 2003 والغاء التشريعات والقوانين التي تحكم على السياسة النقدية بالتبعية لقرارات الدولة المركزية.

وبقدر تعلق الأمر بالسياسة النقدية فأن دورها كان مهماً في تقليل شدة الأختلالات أذ أستخدم البنك المركزي الأدوات المتاحة له بالتنسيق مع الوزارات المختصة الى جانب أعادة هيكلة الجهاز المصرفي وإعطاء دور للقطاع المصرفي الخاص  والمختلط.

ولكن ما زالت هناك أمكانية وضرورة تبني أجراءات تغيير أستخدام بعض أدواته المباشرة وغير المباشرة لتحقيق الهدف المنشود وتعميق دوره كمستشار للدولة في الأمور الصيرفية والمالية والأجتماعية لتأمين الأنسجام الأمثل بين مهمته والسياسة العليا للدولة.

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 22 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
The Spectrum and the Numerical Range of the Product of Finite Numbers of Automorphic Composition Operators on Hardy Space 2
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Throughout this paper we study the properties of the composition operator
C
p1  o
p2  o…o
pn  induced by the composition of finite numbers of special
automorphisms of U,
pi  (z)  i
i
p z
1 p z


Such that pi  U, i  1, 2, …, n, and discuss the relation between the product of
finite numbers of automorphic composition operators on Hardy space H2 and some
classes of operators.

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2010
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
The effect of annealing and the influence of Gamma-ray on the optical properties of nanostructure Zinc Oxide Thin Films
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The semiconductor ZnO is one of II – VI compound group, it is prepare as thin films by using chemical spray pyrolysis technique; the films are deposited onto glass substrate at 450 °C by using aqueous zinc chloride as a spray solution of molar concentration 0.1 M/L. Sample of the prepared film is irradiating by Gamma ray using CS 137, other sample is annealed at 550°C. The structure of the irradiated and annealed films are analyzed with X-ray diffraction, the results show that the films are polycrystalline in nature with preferred (002) orientation. The general morphology of ZnO films are imaged by using the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), it constructed from nanostructure with dimensions in order of 77 nm.
The optical properties o

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 24 2025
Journal Name
Al.qadisiya Journal For The Sciences Of Physical Education
The Impact of weighted gloves on developing the effectiveness of performance and increasing the number of punches for youth boxers
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A study of the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters of the central marshes in southern Iraq after restoration
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some ecological (physical and chemical varible) of water samples were studies monthly from December 2008 to May 2009 at two stations( St.1) Al - Chibayesh marsh and (St.2) Abu – Zirik marsh which are located in the south of Iraq . These variables included : Temperature, pH, EC, Dissolved oxygen , Total alkalinity, Nitrate, Sulphate, and phosphate, Si-SiO2 and Ca ,Mg, Cl, The marsh Considered as fresh water and alkaline. Abu-Zirik less than Al-Chibayesh.

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Study the effect of addition of Ar to N2 gas on the EEDF and the correspondent coefficients of electron transport
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Publication Date
Thu Oct 30 2008
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The rule of leading the boy in prayer
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God Almighty has imposed on us obligations and set limits on us, and among these obligations is the prayer, which is considered a pillar of Islam. And recently on the statement of its importance, and through extensive explanations, they elaborated on the statement of its pillars, its obligations, its Sunnahs, its rituals, and its bodies, and it is known that the imam in prayer is an important part of the parts of prayer. Whoever assumes this responsibility must be aware of these conditions, the most important of which is jurisprudence in religion, and there has been a disagreement between the jurists, especially the owners of the four schools of thought, about who is qualified to lead the imamate, and this is within many and wide details

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 07 2015
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The effect of changing the evacuated tube tilt angle and the fluid of the solar collector on the performance of a hybrid solar air conditioning system
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In the hybrid coolingsolar systems , a solar collectoris used to convertsolar energy intoheat sourcein order to super heat therefrigerant leave thecompressor,andthisprocess helpsin the transformation ofrefrigerant state from gaseous statetothe liquid statein upper two-thirdsof thecondenserinstead of the lower two-thirdssuchas in thetraditional air-conditioning systems and this willreduce theenergyneeded torun the process ofcooling.In this research two hybrid air-conditioning system with an evacuated tube solar collector were used, therefrigerant was R22 and the capacity was 2 tons each.The tilt angle of the evacuated tube solar collector was changed and the solar collector fluid was replaced into oil instead of water.A comparison wasi

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The cognitive complexity of the leaders and their impact on the organizational flexibility of field research at the company's headquarters for the distribution of petroleum products
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The present research aims to test the effect of cognitive complexity as an independent variable in organizational agility as a responsive variable among the leaders working at the headquarters of the Iraqi Petroleum Products Distribution Company.

 To conclude a number of recommendations that contribute in the organizational agility in the company, and due to the importance of this research in public organizations and its notable role in community organizations. The research was carried out on a random sample of 101 individuals out of a total of 308, which represents the high leaders in the company (general managers, head of departments, and division officials). A questionnaire was used as information

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Languages
A Psychological Reading of The Problem of the Black in John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2006
Journal Name
Diala Journal For Application Research
Study and calculation of the effects of excessive stress temperatures on the buoyant convection of clouds.
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Recent developments in two main phases of cumulus cloud studies are discussed; first the relations between the clouds and their energy sources in the subcloud layer and second, the interaction between the clouds and their environment in the cloud layer. Under the first heading, the various originating impulses for cumulus formation are mentionitd. and how the character of this impulse affects the spacing, scale and temperature structure of the clouds. The possible origins of trade cumuli are considered.

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